The ‘New Literacies’ in Schools Today

1. The ‘New Literacies’ in Schools Today Presented by Brigid Leedom, Erin Overlee, and Megan Dziem

2. What is Educational Technology? • The use of technology to support the learning process. • Roblyer describes educational technology as “a combination of the processes and tools involved in addressing educational needs and problems, with an emphasis on applying the most current tools.”

3. Media & AV Communications:Began in the 1930s -- instructors used slides and films to deliver info. The AECT is affiliated with this perspective of educational technology. Currently the AECT mainly focuses on library-media educators. http://www.aect.org Computer Systems/Instructional Computing: Initially focused on computer systems to support and deliver instruction. Now the ISTE advances uses of technology in education and technology skill standards for teachers and students. http://www.iste.org Vocational Training: Technology training came out of Industrial Arts programs. Industrial arts programs initially focused on teaching woodworking/metals and graphics/printing shops, but switched to technology education courses. The ITEA serves technology education teachers. http://www.iteawww.org Instructional Systems/ Instructional Design: Came out of efficiency designs after WWII. Teachers and media were part of an efficient instructional system. This system is criticized for being too rigid for some learners. ISPI is affiliated with this movement and now focuses in validating Instructional systems to improve productivity and competence in the workplace. http://www.ispi.org 4 Perspectives that Shaped Educational Technology

4. Technology Timeline • 1946: 1st Vacuum tube-based computers developed • 1951: Little technology used in schools (primarily T.V.) -- Baby boom begins • 1958: National Defense Ed. Act -- Brings new money/tech. into schools; but primarily in Vocational Education • 1963: Basic, simple, high-level programming language is developed for universities to train programmers (time of the Cold War) • 1975: Apple I PC’s are donated to schools (made out of wood) • 1983: Apple II gains higher popularity in the classroom • 1990: Multimedia, simulations, and CD-ROMs • 1995: Internet and Worldwide Web being used in businesses and schools; individuals began creating webpages • 1997-2007: Expanding internet and DVD

5. Technology of the Past (1950’s) • Technology gradually increased in the classroom, but was especially sparked by Kennedy’s call for the science to be developed that could put a man on the moon. • The National Defense Act provides money for technology in schools • Mainframes and minicomputers are used in schools mainly for administration and counseling (database of info. of students) • High level programming languages are being taught in Universities, such as BASIC and Fortran

6. Technology of the Past (1980’s) • Drill and practice programs developed for personal computers, Apple II computer finds widespread acceptance in education. • By 1984 there are still relatively few computers in the classroom, learning games are developed by software manufacturers. • In the mid-1980s 25% of high schools use PCs for college and career guidance.

7. Technology 1990s-Present • Schools are using video discs, CD ROMs, simulations and educational databases in the early 1990s. • By 1994 classrooms have at least one PC available for instructional delivery, but not all teachers have a computer for instructional preparation. • In the mid 90s the internet and world wide web gained popularity. • Search engines and web sites boom, new graphics streaming video and DVDs become invaluable to classroom learning.

8. Bibiliography • Roblyer, M.D. (2006). Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. • “History, the History of Computers, and the History of Computers in Education”. 5 September, 2008. http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html