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ETIT 102 - WEEK 6

ETIT 102 - WEEK 6. Evolution of World Political History – 2 ( Part 1). The 18th & 19th Cent . : 3 Themes. Popular Sovereignty Westernization of the International System The Growth of the Multipolar System. 1) Popular Sovereignty .

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ETIT 102 - WEEK 6

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  1. ETIT 102 - WEEK 6 Evolution of World Political History – 2(Part 1)

  2. The 18th & 19th Cent. : 3 Themes • Popular Sovereignty • Westernization of the International System • TheGrowth of theMultipolarSystem

  3. 1) Popular Sovereignty • Thepeopleclaimedthestateforthemselves. • Untilthis time, theprevailingbeliefwasthatkingsruledbydivinerightoverbothterritoryandpeople, whoweresubjects, not citizens. • Inspiredbytheage of Enlightment, TheAmerican (1776)andFrench (1789) revolutionschallangedthisphilosophy. • Democracieswereestablished on theprinciplethatultimatepoliticalpowerrestswithpeople, not themonarch. • Theconcept of nationalismtoincludemassidentificationwith/participation in theaffairs of thestate.

  4. PoliticalImplications of Revolutions • Democratic nationalism spread throughout Europe and steadily undermined monarchical government and its concept of divine right. • Nationalism and popular sovereignty were also undermined the basis of multiethnic/colonial empires (i.e.Ottoman, Austria-Hungary, Russia, British,etc.)

  5. 2) Westernization of the International System • Thedomination & shaping of theinternationalsystembythe West. • Thegrowth of Europeanpowers (Britain,France, etc.) tothrustoutwardandthetakecontrol of Americaandsomeparts of Asia/Africa/Middle East. • Theprocessaccelerated in the 19th cent, mainlyduetoindustrialrevolution.

  6. EuropeanColonization of Americas (1763)

  7. 3) TheGrowth of theMultipolarSystem • FromtheTreaty of Wesphalia (1648) throughthe mid-20th cent., multipolarsystemgovernedpoliticalrelationsamongtheglobally dominant majorEuropeanpowers. • Themultipolarsystem as markedbyshiftingalliancesdesignedtopreservethebalance of power.

  8. Diplomatsat the Congress of Vienna (1815)

  9. The national boundaries within Europe as set by the Congress of Vienna, 1815

  10. TheEvolving World System: TheTwentieth Century • The pace of world political evolution began to speed up even more by the beginning of the 1900s. • Nationalism & Democratic demands increasingly undermined the foundations of 1815 Vienna settlements; the multi-ethnic empires such as the Austo-Hungarian & Ottoman empires. • Unification of Germany and Italy in the late 19th cent. • Following WWI, many new states emerged such as Czechoslovakia, Poland & Yugoslavia, along with the ones in the Middle East and Africa.

  11. To be continued

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