Physics the study of the relationship between matter and energy

1. Physicsthe study of the relationship between matter and energy

2. A change in position in a certain amount of time Motion is relative. To know you are moving, you must have a reference point Distance – how far you traveled Motion

3. Distance vs. Displacement • The distance between the final position and starting position is displacement • (Ex: hiking on a trail. The trail may be 1 mile long but you may only end up 300 ft from where you started)

4. Speed Equation Speed – the distance traveled divided by the time needed to travel that distance SI Unit is meters per second (m/s) Speed = distance time D T S

5. Practice (Make sure you use the proper units) • If it takes you 3 hours to travel 60 miles, what is your speed?? • If you are running 3 miles in 30 minutes, what is your speed?

6. Constant speed vs. Average speed Constant speed – an object covers equal distances in equal amounts of time The speed of moving objects is not always constant Average speed: total distance total time

7. Graphing Speed

8. What is happening in the following graph?

9. Velocity Velocity: Speed in a given direction You can be going the same speed but two different velocities Velocity = distance + direction time D V T

10. Acceleration The change in velocity divided by the time the change occurs A = Velocity(final) – Velocity(initial) Time Acceleration is speeding up, slowing down or changing direction

11. Stop Here!!!

12. Warm Up 4/8 Tell me something about Force and Motion that begins with each letter R N S E T 2 more consonants L 1 more vowel

13. Force What causes an object to accelerate? A force is a push or pull exerted on an object Force is measured in Newtons (kg m/s2) In order for an object to speed up, slow down or change direction, a force has to act on that object Inertia is the object’s tendency to resist changing its motion. The more inertia, the harder it is to start moving or slow it down

14. Total Force Sometimes, more than one force can act on an object at the same time. Those forces together will affect the object’s motion. Forces usually act in pairs with one force acting on either side of the object The resulting force that exists between two is the total force

15. Unbalanced Forces When a total force acts on an object, they are said to be unbalanced. Unbalanced forces can cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change direction.

16. Balanced Forces Balanced forces exist when the total force is equal to zero. Balanced forces do not change an object’s motion

17. Friction and Air Resistance Friction is the force between two objects in contact that resists motion between two touching surfaces It is what eventually causes things to slow down and stop Air Resistance is a form of friction between an object and air molecules

18. Gravity Gravity is the pull that all matter exerts on other matter Gravity is dependent on the mass of an object and the distance between the two objects The greater the mass, the more gravitational pull it will have (i.e.: earth vs. moon) The greater the distance, the less gravitational pull it will have Mass vs Weight – weight is the amount of gravitational pull on a person. So on the moon, your mass would be the same but weight would be different

19. Free Fall and Terminal Velocity When the only force acting on an object is gravity, the object is said to be in free fall On earth, this is 9.8 m/s2 - Gravity constant In the absence of air resistance, all objects on Earth accelerate at the same rate, regardless of their mass. An object reaches its terminal velocity when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of air resistance

20. Gravity Demo

21. Newton’s Laws

22. Newton’s First Law of Motion “An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will maintain its velocity unless it experiences an unbalanced force.” This is often times called the law of Inertia

23. Newton’s Second Law of Motion “The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its acceleration” F=ma Force is measured in Newtons (kg m/s2)

24. Newton’s Third Law For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force

25. write the following on your notes on force and motion Forces always act in PAIRS EX

26. How much time does it take for a snail to crawl 20 feet if he goes 2 feet/hr Make sure you have turned in your speed problems worksheet!!!

27. Get a calculator and begin calculate your speeds for the 4 activities Remember: Speed = Distance/Time Round everything to the nearest hundreths (ex. 5.45s) Make sure and list your units in your answers

28. What is the formula for finding speed? What is the formula for finding distance? What is the formula for finding time? Remember 2nd Law: F=MA

29. What is speed? How do you calculate it?

30. Warm Up 11/4Write Q&A Write an example of something that goes along with each of Newton’s Laws Ex 1st - A car will sit at a stoplight until you press the gas 2nd - It is harder to carry a box of rocks than a box of popcorn 3rd - When birds fly, they push their wings down in order to go up

31. Warm Up 11/4 List 5 Examples of motion that you see in your everyday activities

32. Warm Up 11/3 Make a KWL Chart (3 things in each) Tell me what you KNOW about motion What you WANT to know about motion Leave the L blank for now K W L

33. Warm Up 11/2Write Q&A What is Motion? P.102