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Relationships between ideas – 2 & 3. Present tense and not future tense is used in an adverb clause of time : After she graduates , she will get a job. Adverb clauses to show CAUSE & EFFECT relationships: because, since, now that, as, as long as
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Relationships between ideas – 2 & 3 • Present tense and not future tense is used in an adverb clause of time: After she graduates, she will get a job. • Adverb clauses to show CAUSE & EFFECT relationships: because, since, now that, as, as long as • To show CAUSE & EFFECT: prepositions (because of, due to); transitions (therefore, consequently); other ways (such that, so that)
Relationships between ideas – 2&3 • Reduction of adverb clauses to modifying phrases: 1. Omit the subject of the dependent clause and the be form of the verb: • Adverb clause: While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend. • Modifying phrase: While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
Relationships between ideas – 2&3 (2) If there is no be form of a verb, omit the subject and change the verb to –ing. c. Adverb Clause: Before I left for work, I ate breakfast. d. Modifying Phrase: Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast. An adverb clause can be changed to a modifying phrase ONLY WHEN THE SUBJECT OF THE ADVERB CLAUSE AND THE SUBJECT OF THE MAIN CLAUSE ARE THE SAME.
