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OPTICS, LASERS, AND MOLECULES:  A STUDY OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

OPTICS, LASERS, AND MOLECULES:  A STUDY OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. Stephen Carr, Mojin Chen, Brian Delancy, Jason Elefant, Alice Huang, Nate May, Avinash Moondra, John Nappo, Nick Paggi, Sam Rosin, Marlee Silverstein, Dan Zhang Advisor: Dr. Robert Murawski Assistant: Aaron Loether.

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OPTICS, LASERS, AND MOLECULES:  A STUDY OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

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  1. OPTICS, LASERS, AND MOLECULES: A STUDY OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Stephen Carr, Mojin Chen, Brian Delancy, Jason Elefant, Alice Huang, Nate May, Avinash Moondra, John Nappo, Nick Paggi, Sam Rosin, Marlee Silverstein, Dan Zhang Advisor: Dr. Robert Murawski Assistant: Aaron Loether

  2. What is Spectroscopy? Break light into constituent wavelengths Study of interaction between light and matter

  3. Understanding Spectroscopy In order to understand spectroscopy, we must first look at: Optics LASERs

  4. Optics Optics: study of light Light: electromagnetic radiation Wave-like properties Reflection Diffraction Refraction Particle-like properties Quantization

  5. Converging Lens Object focused through a convex (converging) lens Curved shape focuses light to single point

  6. LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

  7. Lasers Highly controlled beam of light Emit monochromatic light with identical wavelengths that are completely in phase High accuracy measurements Better suited for use in optical analyses than other light sources Easily manipulated by optical devices, i.e. lenses

  8. Raman Effect 1928 C.V. Raman discovered Raman effect Used heavily filtered sunlight in place of a laser Observed the energy change between the initial laser energy and the emitted energy

  9. Raman Spectroscopy A light scattering technique in which photons interact with a sample to produce scattered radiation of varying wavelengths Allows one to obtain vibrational spectra of substances in aqueous solution Measured in wavenumbers (cm-1)

  10. Why is it Useful? Gives detailed information about molecular structure Can be used to examine: Rotational and vibrational states of a system Number, strength, and identity of chemical bonds

  11. The Apparatus (Helium-Neon)

  12. Helium-Neon Laser Setup

  13. The Apparatus (Argon-Ion)

  14. Argon-Ion Laser Setup

  15. Our Project Determine effectiveness of RS by: Analyzing methanol, ethanol, and fertilizer samples in varying concentrations Testing for impurities and foreign molecules in different samples of water

  16. Data: Methanol

  17. Data: Ethanol

  18. Data: Ethanol Concentrations

  19. Data: Fountain Water vs. SmartWater

  20. Data: Fountain Water vs. SmartWater

  21. Data: Fertilizer

  22. Data: Pond Water & Fertilizer

  23. Applications in Real Life Identify Molecules Environmental Monitoring Explosives/Contraband Quality Control/Commercial Industry Biochemistry/Medical Applications Art Examination and Preservation Electronics and Semiconductors

  24. Acknowledgements Dr. Robert Murawski Aaron Loether Stephen Takacs H Sudol Drew University Staff of NJGSS '10

  25. References • Colwell CH, compiler. PhysicsLAB: Converging Lenses [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Available from: http://dev.physicslab.org/Document.aspx?doctype=3&filename=GeometricOptics_ConvergingLenses.xml • Pollock S. Lab 4. Lenses [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Figure 2. Lens. Available from: http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys2020/phys2020_fa01/labs/lab4mod.htm • Ullrich B. Introduction in Optics II [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Figure 1. Converging lens. Available from: http://kottan-labs.bgsu.edu/teaching/workshop2001/chapter2.htm • Crowell B. Optics: Refraction [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Figure K. Total internal reflection in a fiber-optic cable. Available from: http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/5op/ch04/ch04.html • Nave CR, compiler. Gas Lasers [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: HyperPhysics by Georgia State University Department of Physics and Astronomy; 2005 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Available from:http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optmod/lasgas.html • Goldwasser SM. Helium-Neon Lasers [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Typical HeNe Laser Tube Structure and Connections. Available from: http://www.k3pgp.org/Notebook/Lasersam/laserhen.htm#henhlc0 • Beach N. The Argon Ion Laser [Internet]. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida ITL; 1996 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Available from: http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/4411L_f96/i2_lif/ar_laser.html • MIT Spectroscopy Lab. The Era of Classical Spectroscopy [Internet]. [Updated 2010 Jan 12]. Cambridge (MA): Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Spectroscopy. [cited 2010 Jul 25]. Available from: http://web.mit.edu/spectroscopy/history/history-classical.html • Somerville WRC, Le Ru EC, Northcote PT, Etchegoin PG. 2010. High performance Raman spectroscopy with simple optical components. Am J Phys [Internet]. [cited 2010 Jul 26]; 78(7): 671-677. Available from: http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdf&id=AJPIAS000078000007000671000001&idtype=cvips&prog=normal • Alexander K. State of the Art Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Searching for the Perfect SERS Substrate [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Figure 1. A schematic illustration of the differences between Rayleigh (elastic) and Raman (inelastic) scattering. [about 1 screen]. Available from: http://www.physics.unc.edu/project/rln/kristen/ • OptoIQ. 2004. SERS traces water pollution in real time [Internet]. Laser Focus World. [cited 2010 Jul 25]. Available from: http://www.optoiq.com/index/photonics-technologies-applications/lfw-display/lfw-article-display/206869/articles/laser-focus-world/volume-40/issue-6/world-news/world-news/sers-traces-water-pollution-in-real-time.html • Art and Heritage [Internet]. Hoffman Estates, IL: Renishaw plc; 2010 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Available from: http://www.renishaw.com/en/art-and-heritage--7982 • Semiconductors [Internet]. Hoffman Estates, IL: Renishaw plc; 2010 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Available from: http://www.renishaw.com/en/semiconductors--7983 • Nazarenko A. Quantitative Measurements of Inorganic Anions in Solutions [Internet]. Buffalo, New York:Buffalo State College Department of Chemistry; 2006 [cited 2010 Jul 28]. Available from: http://staff.buffalostate.edu/nazareay/jcej/3.htm

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