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Water IV

Water IV. Taylor Panfil, Brianna Ackerman. Increasing Levels in the Body. Water Intoxication/Hyponatremia Extremes sodium loss through prolonged sweating coupled with dilution of existing extracellular sodium

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Water IV

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  1. Water IV Taylor Panfil, Brianna Ackerman

  2. Increasing Levels in the Body • Water Intoxication/Hyponatremia • Extremes sodium loss through prolonged sweating coupled with dilution of existing extracellular sodium • To maintain homeostasis excess water outside the cell draws sodium from the cell into the ECF • As water accumulates, ECF sodium level concentration drops resulting in Hyponatremia • As sodium leaves the cell only water is left in the ICF, too much water inside the cell causes tissues to swell with excess fluid • Occurs when sodium serum levels are less then 135 mEq/L severe Hyponatremia occurs when sodium serum levels are less than 125 mEq/L

  3. Hyponatremia… • Three Different types • Hypovolemic Hyponatremia- A decrease in TBW resulting in a greater decrease in total body sodium. • Euvolemic Hyponatremia- Normal sodium levels and and increase in TBW • Hypervolemic Hyponatremia- An increase in total body sodium resulting in a greater increase in TBW.

  4. Hyponatremia and Athletes • More likely to affect athletes • Excessive sweating results in water and electrolyte loss • Suffer Hyponatremia from drinking too much water without replacing lost electrolytes. • Excessive sweating/exercising also negatively effects athletes’ urine production from reduced renal blood flow which impedes the body’s ability to excrete excess water

  5. Hyponatremia… • Common in Infants. • If given tap water instead of formula or non-electrolyte balanced solutions such as Pedialyte or if formula is too diluted with water • Other Causes • Water Pills, Kidney problems, Congestive Heart Failure, Cirrhosis of the Liver, Low Sodium/High Water Diets • Symptoms • Headache, Confusion, Seizures, Muscle Cramps or Spasms, Weakness, Nausea and Vomiting

  6. Decreasing Levels of Water in the Body • Dehydration • Lose too much water than is taken in • Results in impairment to carry out normal body functions • Impairment of body function results at levels of 2-3% loss of TBW. • The greater amount of water loss the more severe the symptoms

  7. Dehydration… • No one is exempt • Most common in younger children due to their small bodies and high water and electrolyte turnover • Also common in the elderly due to their decreased ability to conserve water and less accurate sense of thirst • Endurance Athletes • People suffering from chronic illness • Uncontrolled Diabetes, Kidney Disease, Alcoholism

  8. Dehydration… • Causes • Intense Diarrhea, Vomiting, Sweating, not drinking enough water during hot conditions or exercise, increased urination from certain medications or alcohol, reduced eating and drinking from sickness • Symptoms • Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Thirst, Decreased Urine output, Dry skin, Headache, Low blood pressure, Dizziness.

  9. Peak Functional/Dysfunctional Levels • ~40-70% of body is Water • Levels depend on age, Activity level/lifestyle, Climate, Body composition and Gender • The average male should consume about 3 Liters of water/day to maintain optimal water balance levels • Women should consume about 2.2 Liters of water per/day

  10. References • http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/242166-overview#a0156 • http://www.medicinenet.com/hyponatremia/article.htm • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hyponatremia/DS00974/DSECTION=causes • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dehydration/DS00561/DSECTION=causes

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