SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION

1. SOCIALDIFFERENTIATION Definition of social differentiation Social differentiation can be defined as a horizontal distinction of society into different groups. In social differentiation we have to assume that there is no single division of society that is higher in position than any other division. 2. Differences between social differentiation

2. 3. Form of the social differentiation • Racial differentiation We can define a race as a group of people who have the same inborn physical characteristic, such as skin colour, shave of hair, eyes and posture According of Burn and Nimkoff the human race existing on this earth can basicly begrouped into three main race: 1. Caucasoid, this ethnic group includes people who are white skinned, such as a. Nordic, with a tall build, blond hair, blue eyes, and a long face. This ethnic group inhabit region in Northern Europe or around the Baltic Sea b. Alpine, with transitional characteristic between Nordig and Mediteranian. This group in habits Central Europe and Eastern Europe c. Mediteranian, with a shorter build, black hair, brown eyes, and oval face, they inhabits a region around Mediteranian Sea, North Africa, Arabia and Iran d. Armenoid, with Mediteranian like characteristic but the taller build, they inhabits the region in Armenia e. Indian, this ethnic group is characterize by appointing nose and blackish, brown hair. They inhabit the region in India. 2. Negroid, this ethnic group consist of black skin people. 3. Mongoloid, this race is characterize by yellow to light brown skin, straight hair, a little body high, and slanting eyes. This group is divided into two: a. Asian Mongoloid people are spread in China (including Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam) and as Malay subrace (in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philipines) b. Indian Mongolodid people are Indian people in America

3. B. ETHNIC DIFFERENTIATION Ethnic differentiation is clasification the people who based on similarities of biological characteristic and culture. Ethnic group has following similarities phisycal characteristic, local language, arts, and customs. C. CLAN DIFFERENTIATION A clan is sometimes called on extended family or larger family. A clan is formed because there is unity of genealogy, religiomagic and traditions. Clans which are formed in a patrilineal way can be found in the following societies: 1. Batak people (Marga) 2. Minahasa people (Fam) 3. Ambon people (Fam) 4. Flores people (Fam) Clans which based on the mothersline of descent (matrilineal) is found among Minangkabau people, The Ngada ethnic group in Flores. D. RELIGIOUS DIFFERENTIATION A sociologies named Durkheim defined religion as an integrated system of believe and practices which relates to holy Things. The believe will bined the followers morally and finally form a group of moral society called Ummah.

4. E. PROFFESIONAL DIFFERENTIATION • Social differentiation based on proffesion is the grouping of members of society according to the occupation or activity done as a means of earning or lively hood. In practice, a proffesion requires a specific skill for instance skill of talking, guiding and also patience. F. GENDER DIFFERENTIATION Differentiation based on gender is categorizations of people according to sex (biological differences), the differences can be seen from the structure of reproductive organs, bodyshape, voices, etc. Accordingly there are groups of males and females in society.

5. EFFECT OF SOCIAL DIFFERENTIAQTION AND STRATIFICATION ON SOCIETY: • A. Social pluralism • B. Heterogenity • C. Intersection • D. Social Consolidation • E. Primordialism • F. Ethnocentrism • G. Sectarian policy