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Plants and Fungus: Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Fungi

Explore the diverse world of plants and fungi, including mangroves, seagrasses, and various types of fungi. Learn about their habitats, ecological roles, and threats they face.

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Plants and Fungus: Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Fungi

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  1. 006 Plants & Fungus

  2. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular organisms True tissues. Photoautotrophic nutrition. Most adapted for a terrestrial existence and possessing vascular tissues.

  3. Kingdom Plantae Cells with chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls. Includes mosses, ferns, pine trees, cycads, ginkgos, and flowering plants.

  4. Eukaryotic Plant Cell Typical Plant Cell

  5. Mangrove Habitat

  6. Mangrove Distribution • There are approximately 40 species of mangroves distributed worldwide

  7. Prop roots: • help support the tree • Pneumatophores: • respiratory function– take in O2 • push nutrients to the upper soil layer

  8. Ecological Role of Mangroves: • Stabilize sediment • Accumulate detrital or other foreign material • Habitat for epiphytes • Fish and invertebrate nursery • Nesting/roosting sites for birds • Limited role as a direct food source • Major contributor to detrital food chain • Protect shoreline from erosion during tropical storms

  9. Mangrove Use: • fish and shrimp cultivation • food for people • firewood and boat building material • tanning material • finest honey Shrimp farm surrounded by degraded mangroves, Vietnam

  10. Seagrass beds 57 species worldwide

  11. Five kingdom system: Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia Seagrass- true vascular plants Classification Angiosperms Gymnosperms

  12. Seagrasses • True marine angiosperm • Evolved from shoreline Lillie-like plants~100 mya • Vascular plants reinvaded the seas 3 different times (algae is nonvascular; i.e., no need for roots to transport water and nutrients) • Can grow and reproduce while completely submerged under water Distribution: 12 genera of seagrasses (5 in the high latitude and 7 in the low latitude)

  13. Halophila hawaiiana- only form of seagrass in Hawaii

  14. Development of Seagrass Beds • Develop in: • intertidal and shallow subtidal areas on sands and muds • marine inlets and bays • lagoons and channels, which are sheltered from significant wave action

  15. Ecological roles: • Help stabilize the sediment • Prevents resuspension of sediments in water (water is clearer) • Binds substratum, reduces turbidity, and reduces erosion • Sediment accumulation slows velocity of incoming water • Food for many organisms • Refuge for many organisms

  16. Threats to Seagrass Beds • Seagrass productivity is highly dependent on a number of factors: • salinity • water temperature • turbidity • This ecosystem is particularly sensitive to degradation due to: • agricultural pollution-run-off of herbicides • industrial pollution • domestic pollution

  17. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic • Generally multicellular, organisms (a few species, e.g., yeast are unicellular). • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Saprophytic (absorptive)

  18. Kingdom Fungi • Most with cell walls (usually composed of chitin) and complex life histories. • Includes molds, yeasts, rusts, and mushrooms, marine fungi • Most of the 1500 species of marine fungi are microscopic

  19. Toad stool Shelf fungus Rhizopus Yeast

  20. Fungus infection in fish

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