The First Occupants

1. The First Occupants lesson objectives 1. brief overview of this unit. 2. match up definition 3. read about the niacerma tribe.

2. We are going to be looking at Canada’s first occupants who arrived 30 000 BC ·The way they adapted to their environment ·Economic activities ·Expression of the sacred ·Migration flows ·Relationship to the Universe ·Social relationships

3. The following are terms that will be useful for understanding how we come to understand the history of the first occupants. 1. Anthropologist A ) seeks to understand the physical human being through the study of evolution, genetics and primates 2. Biological B) Studies artifacts (materials modified by past human activities) to understand the development of human societies C) The scientific study of the origin, behaviour, and the physical, social and cultural development of human beings 3. Socio-cultural D) Studies the processes of human communication, both verbal and non-verbal and the relationship between language and culture 4. Linguistic E) the investigation of groups through field studies: economic and political organizations, laws, consumption, kinship groups, family structures, gender relations etc. 5. Archaeology

4. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2007528/Brazil-confirms-lost-Amazon-tribe-goes-missing-drug-gang-attack.html

5. Example of an Anthropologist observations of the Niacirema people. What are some of the customs of this tribe? Which customs or rituals seem the most different, and why? "Anthropologists ! Anthropologists!"

6. Now imagine you are an alien who has arrived on planet earth and you are making observations of the human race, ·What observations could you make ·What practices / daily rituals would seem strange to you ? ·Write 2-3 paragraphs about the “ Naidanac “ people of north America. ·Feel free to support your anthropological findings with photo evidence, and/ or physical evidence.

7. How do we analyze primary sources? Example of source Table

8. Lesson Objectives 1. Analyze sources about Aboriginal peoples 2. Discuss how the first Occupants arrived in North America and Quebec. 3. Investigate and list the principal characteristics of the Inuit.

13. 5:00 -20:00 When the world began questions 1. Why was Shauna Divet so mysterious to the European settlers who found her? 2. What is the explanation for how the natives crossed over to North America? 3. Why did the Aboriginal people move further south into what is modern day Canada and US? 3. When do theorists believe the first occupants crossed over? 4. Why could they not return to their place of origin ?

14. The origins of the aboriginal peoples in North America. ·The most widespread hypothesis (theory) was that 30 000 years ago it was possible to cross the Bering Strait ·Sea level were low due to the ice age which would have cause land emerge. ·The Aboriginals peoples' ancestor would have been of Asian origin. ·As the ice melted, the crossing would have eventually disappeared and the aboriginal people would have moved further south following the herds to sustain their people.

15. Copy the following definitions

16. Cultural areas before the year 1500 In your own words explain the difference between cultural area and linguistic family

17. Please copy, color and label the following map with a legend onto the blank copy of Quebec.

18. one lesson filling in the different tables ; iroquioan, algonquian, inuit people of the long house - iroquian wigwam building an igloo

19. Iroquian

20. What were the reasons that nomadic Aboriginal peoples had simple social and political structure? Summary question : How did the environment influence the way of life of Aboriginal societies? the environment influenced the aboriginal way of life because different environments forced them to use different techniques to survive. dwellings food sources clothing way of life whether they settle in one spot or moved around.

21. conception of the world connected to nature Conception of the world : a particular way of creating and interpreting the environment and society. This conception helps to establish values, spirituality and cultural traditions of a society. What are some examples of ''conceptions of the world'' in Canada. We look at the environment around us and how do we value it? life and death the land or environment seasons

22. Complete the diagram below The cycle of human life according to Aboriginal peoples Life Birth In your own words describe the aboriginal peoples circle of life.

23. Why did aboriginal peoples practice rituals to mark the change of seasons?

24. Animism: a belief that elements in nature ( plants and animals) had souls like humans do. How did aboriginal peoples belief of animism influence the way they hunted and killed animals?

25. Earth: ·Since so much of Aboriginal survival depended on the Earth, they thought of it as a goddess with a spirit, soul and intelligence. ·Aboriginals felt a close relationship with the Earth and the creatures/nature on it – giving them what is called animism (nature elements have a soul). ·Different groups demonstrated ceremonies as a sign of respect and gratitude.

26. For Aboriginal people, the Earth was a goddess. How would you explain this statement and give examples.

27. Death: ·Given the harsh living conditions, Aboriginals had frequent encounters with death. Most believed that the person would go to an afterlife. ·Sometimes when a person was buried they would have items buried with them in case they were needed. Dreams: ·Dreams were a time when the spirits took the opportunity to show themselves to the living. ·e.g., hunters would be told where to find prey.

29. charles Lalemant Primary Document Feast - Portion of food for deceased thrown in fire Burial - deceased buried with belongings for the afterlife. They performed this so that the deceased had tools for the afterlife. Father Lalement question how the belongings got to the afterlife the spirits of the tools cross over to the spirit world.

30. the message of the document is to inform or explain why this ritual is performed. the information about the feast, the burial with belongings and the sprits of both the deceased and the belongings crossing over.

31. Shamans: ·Each member of an Aboriginal community had to observe rituals and customs. ·There were those called shamans who were able to communicate with the spirits. ·They could predict the future and interpret dreams. Although they were revered for their powers, they were given no special social status. Sacred Objects: ·Aboriginals used different objects for the spiritual life, including the peace pipe and the drum, which served different purposes.

32. Homework Questions: ·How are some of the Aboriginal symbols, objects similar to mainstream religions in present-day Quebec? ·Questions 1-4 In Perspective pg. 27

33. How are some of the Aboriginal symbols, objects similar to mainstream religions in present-day Quebec? What did Aboriginal peoples think of spirits? They believed that the real world and the spiritual world were closely connected and that spirits were found everywhere. Spirituality was present in every day life. What power did the Aboriginal people usually attribute to shamans? Shaman were believed to be able to predict the future, interpret dreams and have more frequent and richer visions than other members of the tribe. Why did aboriginal people attribute a sacred power to the peace pipe and drum? Peace pipe - a widely used sacred object because it was believed the smoked carried their requests to the spirits. The drum - they believed it helped to contact the spirits. On what occasions did Aboriginal peoples practice their spirituality as a group? The occasions on which aboriganal ppel met to practice together were marriages, declaration of war and at the beginning of a hunt.

34. Values: ·Certain attitudes and actions were valued highly in Aboriginal cultures. They included bravery, gift giving and eloquence. ·Bravery: men this was demonstrated through hunting and war. For women, this was demonstrated through silence during child birth. ·Gift Giving: especially during times of hardship was revered. ·Eloquence: because there was no writing, the ability to tell stories and remember history and those who were able to speak well in public.

35. Myths: ·A story to explain the creation of the world and the creation of life. Creation Myths: ·All Aboriginal groups had myths, which are stories to help explain the world around them and how it was created. ·Aboriginal groups had rich mythologies (groups of myths) and pantheons (gods and goddesses). The earth creation myth of the Iroquoian

36. Class assignment (10-20 minutes): ·Organize in groups of 4. ·Choose one recorder and one presenter. ·As a group you write a creation myth to explain life on Earth. These will be your own creations. ·You will read your story to the class and we will discuss once everyone has presented. ·You will hand in the stories at the end of class and they will be marked. Each member gets the same mark. Choose your groups wisely.

37. Common Myth Elements ·At the foundation of nearly every culture is a creation myth that explains how the wonders of the earth came to be. ·A supreme being appears in almost every myth. He or she is what triggers the train of events that create the world. Sometimes there are two beings. ·Not all cultures imagine life starting on earth. Some believe that it originated either above or below where we live now. ·Humans and animals once lived together peacefully. However because of a sin caused by the humans they are split up, e.g. the innocence of humans is taken away by a god.

38. ·In the Greek myth, when Pandora was brought to Epimetheus she was given a box which Zeus orders her not to open. Not only did Zeus give her the box, but also curiosity, which became her temptation to sin. Overcome by the curiosity of her nature, Pandora took a peak inside the box and all of the troubles of the earth flew out of the box. For her sin the whole human race had to suffer. ·The African Bushmen were instructed not to build a fire. They disobeyed this command and for that sin their peaceful relationship with animals was destroyed. ·The Australian Aborigines believed that the Sun Mother told the animals she had created, to live together peacefully. Instead envy crept into their hearts and they began to quarrel. She returned to earth and in order to make them happy gave them the power to change their shape into what they wanted it to be for eternity. The result was an odd assortment of creatures. The Sun Mother decided to create two humans who would be superior to the animals. Because the animals disobeyed the Sun Mother's instruction their superiority was taken away. ·Genesis 2:4-3:24 of the Bible tells the story of how suffering entered the world. God gave Adam and Eve the Garden of Eden to live in, with the order never to eat from the Tree of Knowledge. They disobeyed him and the price of this sin was banishment from the garden into the outside world with all its troubles.

39. The Maori the Maori are an aboriginal tribe who live in New Zealand believed to have migrated there from Polynesia between the 9th and 10th century. What was the Maori's conception of the world?

40. Maori Haka Original Haka All blacks Haka

41. Create a Ven Diagram comparing the Maori with the Iroquian, Algonquian and Inuit. spirituality Myths oral tradition social organization Shaman or sacred objects