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U.S. and World War I

U.S. and World War I. 1900 – 1920’s in the U.S. Immigration. Labor Issues. Progressive Era. Immigration. Great Migration. Jim Crowe Era. W. W. I. Imperialism. Imperialism. Long Term Causes for WW I. M ilitarism – development of armed forces &

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U.S. and World War I

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  1. U.S. and World War I

  2. 1900 – 1920’s in the U.S. Immigration Labor Issues Progressive Era Immigration Great Migration Jim Crowe Era W. W. I Imperialism Imperialism

  3. Long Term Causes for WW I • Militarism – development of armed forces & their use as a tool of diplomacy • Alliance system – countries joined together by treaties agreeing to assist each other • Imperialism – stronger nation extending its power over a weaker country • Nationalism – national interests should be placed above international affairs p. 579

  4. Alliance System Bulgaria Serbia Ottoman Empire Russia A-Hungary France Germany G. Britain p. 581 4

  5. U.S. Neutrality • U.S. remains neutral until 1917 • Practicing (foreign) policy of Isolationism Reason: 1. Europe’s war 2. economic reasons - trade - financial backing 3. immigrant sympathizers - melting pot of people p. 583

  6. North Sea Blockade • G. Britain blocked shipping lanes • GB included food as contraband • Cutting Germany supplies • US said threatened freedom of the seas • Germany counter-attack to GB’s blockaded with the U-boats (sinking without warning) • See map activity p. 584

  7. U.S. getting drawn into WWI • May 7, 1915 U-boat sank the Lusitania (NOT A CAUSE) - German’s defense - was carrying ammunition • March 1916 Germany torpedoes the Sussex liner * Sussex PledgeAgreement- Germany would stop torpedo if U.S. (mediator = indirectly involved) could get G.B. to lift blockade What do these things cause America(ns) to think? • Election of 1916: Wilson wins on campaign promise to keep the U.S. out of war Change public perception, think war preparations p. 584

  8. Journal - World War I Many wars have been fought that America has been involved in through out history. Several wars were supported by the America people But in the last 4 decades Americans have been less supportive

  9. Assignment: Answer the following in complete sentences. RESTATE ?s • Is it right for America to intervene in foreign conflict? Why or why not? 2. If America or her people are being threatened should the gov’t respond? How? 3. Should America go to war to make the world safe for democracy”? Why or why not? 4. Why do you believe Americans are less supportive of wars today?

  10. Neutrality Ends Immediate Causes for US entry: • Violation of Sussex - Germany announces the U-boats will sink ships again - no warning • Rev. in Russia- attempting democratic gov’t now an acceptable ally • Zimmermann Note (telegram from Germany to Mexico) suggesting an alliance between them and promising to help them recover the territories of TX, NM, & AZ * 1917 – U.S. had no option but to enter the war p. 585-86

  11. Big IDEAS for the U.S. entrance • Financial - to ensure Allies victory and repayment of debts to the U.S. • Threat - to prevent the Germans harming U.S. shipping and protect U.S. territory

  12. The United States Enters WWI • April 2, 1917 – Congress declares war • April 6, 1917 entered war 6 mins. How is this an example of Checks &Balance?

  13. Weapons and Technology New Technology during WW I • Big Bertha - cannon • Zeppelin - blimp • Machine Guns • Poison Gas / Gas Mask • Tanks • Airplanes p. 590 • See weapons PowerPoint

  14. Home Front Production • shifting in production of goods • must make war & consumer goods p. 594 pro.corbis.com/search/Enlargement.aspx?CID=is...

  15. The "I WANT YOU" Army recruiting poster from World War I became the most recognized image of Uncle Sam, a character first made popular by Thomas Nast and other 19th century political cartoonists. The poster was painted by James Montgomery Flagg in 1916-1917.  Flagg reportedly used his own face as the model for Uncle Sam’s stern visage. www.klasek.com/90th/1917_timeline.html

  16. Selective Service Act • required to register with the gov’t • a draft • eventually 24 million draftees • ages of 21-23 (some lied about their age) • Those excused - married men - those with dependents - medical reasons

  17. Citation: Records of the Selective Service System (World War I)

  18. Women and WWI • filled all types of roles/jobs in society • Roles in society gave them the final ammunition needed for the 19th amend. i.e. • driving cabs and delivery trucks • bricklayers • cooks • railroad workers • dock workers and shipbuilder p. 600

  19. women filled industry jobs https://www.allposters.co.jp/RedirectLocale.a...

  20. War Industries Board (WIB) • encourage mass production techniques • to increase efficiency&eliminate waste - production increased by 20% - i.e. corsets tall leather boots hemlines p. 595 laracorsets.com

  21. When America entered World War I in 1917, chairman of the War Industries board Bernard Baruch asked women to take off their corsets to conserve steel. Some 28,000 tons was diverted, enough to build an entire battleship.

  22. WW I Recruiting Poster By Howard Christy. Used in WW I recruiting campaigns.

  23. Supporting the War • Propaganda ~ persuasive technique used to influence opinions ~A campaign to help people feel justified in the sacrifices they were making. • promote patriotism • it manufactured hate p. 596

  24. Testimonial

  25. Transfer Propaganda

  26. By Norman Lindsey. “?” was one of six posters designed for the last Australian recruiting campaign. WW I Propaganda Poster

  27. Fuel Administration • monitored coal supplies, rationed gasoline & heating oil • adopted to help conserve for the war i.e. • gasless Sunday • heatless Monday • lightless nights ~ daylight-savings time used www.rainfall.com/posters/WWI/195.htm

  28. Food Administration • established to conserve food (voluntary) • Herbert Hoover - director • each day special emphasis i.e. - wheatless Mon. and Wed. - meatless Tues. - porkless Thurs. and Sat. - sweetless Fri (calling it Hooverizing) • victory gardens - planted at people’s homes - on city buildings and in allies staff.imsa.edu/.../jiang_3_7/conservation.htm

  29. Financing the War • U.S. spent 33 billion • raised 1/3 thru taxes (higher income taxes) • higher excise tax on luxury goods • i.e. Liberty Loans - war bonds

  30. Attack on Civil Liberties • worst attacks directed at German - Americans i.e. • lost their jobs • would not play music by German composers • Schools stopped teaching German language • German books were removed from libraries • Pg. 597 - cartoon p. 597

  31. p. 597

  32. Civil Libertiescont… Government ‘s Actions - Passed laws that violated a person’s rights i.e. • Sedition Act (p. 598) no disloyalties to the U.S. gov., its symbols, or the war, • Espionage Act punish those found helping the enemy • Trading with the Enemy Act postmaster could censor publications exchanged * What did all of these violate? Supreme Court Upholds 6 mins.

  33. Social Issues and Changes • Blacks’ view of the war - divided on support - supporting could ease racial tension (DuBois) - should not support a racist government • Great Migration - population shift - Blacks migrated north for jobs i.e. of why… • boll weevil disease ruined cotton crops • better paying jobs • escape racial tension p. 599

  34. The Migration of Negro, Panel no. 1 by Jacob Lawrence Photograph Analysis

  35. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Jan. 1918 • Wilson presented to Congress - Causes of war - boundaries - plan for peace /League of Nations (international peace organization) p. 605

  36. Peace Conference • Allied leaders / Council of Ten • new Russian leaders did not attend • Purpose: decide end of war issues • Wilson presented his 14 pts. - wanted peace organization • Clash between Wilson’s ideas & Allies rewards/punishments - Allies wanted territory & Germany punished

  37. Treaty of Versailles • agreement to end the war • between Allies & Central Powers • League of Nations included • What effects will the TREATY have following the war ??? p. 606

  38. Terms of the Treaty • Germany had to accept full responsibility for war. • Germany had to surrender all land back to its surrounding nations. • Germany would reduce its military and give up all warships. • Germany would transfer all colonies to a mandate where the Allies could watch them. • Germany must pay reparations for the entire cost of the war to the Allies. • Territory divided (Ottoman, A-H, Russia) • League of Nations established

  39. League of Nations • Accepted as part of the Treaty • Established a world peace organization • U.S. Congress did not support - made it a WEAK organization - needed support of Republican Congress - Opposed : harsh terms towards Germany the League of Nations p. 605

  40. U.S. Congress would not support the League Reasons why… • Economic reasons • Did not fit policy of Isolationism • Did not want to be responsible for world peace * Why did Congress believe the League violated Isolationism? p. 607

  41. Europe after the Treaty of Versailles p. 606

  42. Why WW I still matters !

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