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U.S. Involvement in World War I

U.S. Involvement in World War I. Through Images. Underlying causes of the War. Nationalism Imperialism Militarism International Anarchy System of Alliances. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand. Wilson declares U.S. neutrality. Wilson and the War.

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U.S. Involvement in World War I

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  1. U.S. Involvement in World War I Through Images

  2. Underlying causes of the War • Nationalism • Imperialism • Militarism • International Anarchy • System of Alliances

  3. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

  4. Wilson declares U.S. neutrality

  5. Wilson and the War • Sympathy for France –goes back to Revolutionary War • England common language customs, democratic heritage-cut the transatlantic cable to Germany • Germany-unrestricted submarine warfare

  6. Lusitania sunk by Germans—1915—1200 died –123 Americans—Lusitania Notes—Bryan resigns—Arabic Pledge—Sussex Pledge

  7. Pressure for War • House sent to Europe to propose peace conference—both Germany and England reject idea • In June of 1916 Wilson asks Congress to pass 1. The National Defense Act –increased size of army and provided for military training in high schools and colleges

  8. More Measure • Naval Appropriation Bill –new warships • United States Shipping Board Act—50,000 to buy or build merchant shils • Created Council of National Defense—to mobilize industry if war should start

  9. Election of 1916 • Democrats nominated Wilson—tariff an keeping peace • Republicans nominated Charles Evans Hughes who had been the New York Supreme Court Justice • Progressives tried to get TR to run • Electoral Vote 277 to 254

  10. Final Effort for Peace • In December of 1916, Wilson asked both sides to state term and then announced that both sides were making impossible demands • Instead Wilson gives a list of his terms to Congress-1. Peace without victory 2.right of self determination-2. Military and naval limits 4. Freedom of the seas 5. No secret alliance and 6. A league to enforce peace.

  11. THE KAISER: "So, you see--you've lost everything."THE KING OF THE BELGIANS: "Not my soul."

  12. Unfriendly Acts by Germany • Germany invaded Belgium-against neutrality • Attempted to sabotage American industries—Black Tom blew up-started strikes • Zimmerman Letter-plot to bring Mexico into the war • All these acts cause an anti German feeling in United States • Germany decides to starve out Great Britain

  13. 1.Arabic Pledge-protect lives of non-combatants 2.Sussex Pledge-March 1916-would not sink merchant ships unless crew safe 3.Wilson wins 1916 presidential election 4.Wilson calls for “peace without victory 5.Germany resumes unlimited submarines 6.Zimmermann note discovered- Germany’s plan to urge Mexico to Attack U. S.

  14. Czar Nicholas is deposed

  15. Zimmerman Note

  16. Germany resumes submarine warfare

  17. Wilson asks for a declaration of war.

  18. Lansing replaces Bryan as Sec of State

  19. U.S. PREPARES FOR WARFood Administration-Herbert HooverCreel Committee—George Creelor Committee on Public InformationSelective Service Act-3 million drafted

  20. The Committee of Public Information (George Creel) America’s “Propaganda Minister?” Anti-Germanism. Selling American Culture.

  21. U.S. Prepares for War • Increasing Presidential Power Congress gives the president broad emergency power • War Industries Board was headed by Bernard Baruch—organized industries • Fuel Administration directed by Harry A Garfield- daylight savings time

  22. U. S. Food Administration

  23. U. S. Food Administration

  24. Financing the war with sale of bonds- 23 billion- raised taxes-10 billion

  25. Punishing Espionage and Sedition • Espionage Act of 1917-to stop spying, sabotage and obstructing the war effort • Sedition Act 1918-forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, , or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces Schenck v U.S. (1919) criticized conscription—circulated flyers—Justice Holmes set out the “clear and present danger” standard • Abrams v United States—20 years sentence for distributing pamphlets against war • Debs sent to jail for ten years-Big Bill Haywood

  26. Big Bill Haywood and Espionage • April 1918, Haywood and 100 of the arrested IWW members began their trial, presided over by Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis. The trial lasted five months, the longest criminal trial up to that time; Haywood himself testified for three days. All 101 defendants were found guilty, and Haywood (along with fourteen others) was sentenced to twenty years in prison. • Despite the efforts of his supporters, Haywood was unable to overturn the conviction. In 1921, Haywood skipped bail while out on appeal and fled to Russia. (wikipea)

  27. Wilson’s 14 Points

  28. America at War-American troops2 million soldiers turn tide of war in 1918

  29. In the trenches: Infantry with gas masks, Ypres, 1917

  30. AEF • Trench warfare deadly for Allies

  31. Airplanes brought added firepower to the devastating "Great War"

  32. War At Home-Red CrossWomen play Major role

  33. Munitions Work

  34. The Girls They Left Behind Do Their Bit!

  35. Even Grandma Buys Liberty Bonds

  36. Opportunities for African-Americans in WW1 “Great Migration.” 1916 – 1919  70,000 War industries work. Enlistment in segregated units.

  37. For “Colored” Men in Service

  38. African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for France

  39. Sec. Of Navy -Daniel Josephususe the convoy system to get men and goods over to Europe

  40. Newton D. Baker-Sec of Wardrew up plans for compulsory military conscription of up to four million men

  41. Mothers of soldiers from McLennan send love and hope to their sons in France in 1918

  42. Battle of Chateau-ThierryFrench and American troops block German advance-Second Battle of the Marne under Foch is next-poet Joyce Kilmer died at this battle

  43. I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain; Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me, But only God can make a tree. Joyce Kilmer

  44. Argonnes ForestSeptember 26,1918 • Combined offensive of French and American troops—Germans will ask for Armistice

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