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Ancient Roman & Egyptian Artifacts

Ancient Roman & Egyptian Artifacts. 07/07/05. Historical Overview of Roman History. Early Rome: Archaeological Evidence. Population grew with the transition from the Bronze to the Iron Age in the 10th c. BCE. Large nucleated settlements developed, including Rome, 20 km inland.

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Ancient Roman & Egyptian Artifacts

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  1. Ancient Roman & Egyptian Artifacts 07/07/05

  2. Historical Overview of Roman History

  3. Early Rome: Archaeological Evidence • Population grew with the transition from the Bronze to the Iron Age in the 10th c. BCE. • Large nucleated settlements developed, including Rome, 20 km inland. • Traces of iron-age huts (thatched) and cemeteries dating from the 9th-7th c. have been found in several places in Rome. • Surviving literary accounts of the beginnings of Rome are based entirely on legend - show us how the Romans liked to see themselves.

  4. Early Latium

  5. Early Rome

  6. Roman Hut Urn

  7. Palatine Hut Foundations

  8. Palatine Hut Foundations

  9. Romulus’ City (8th-6th c.BCE) • Later Roman tradition credited Romulus with founding Rome in 753 BCE, its first king. • During the 8th-6th c. 3 distinct groupings appeared in central Italy: in Latium, Etruria, and Samnium - the peoples in each spoke different languages (Latin, Etruscan, Oscan). They had similar social and political systems, but rather different religious and funerary practices. • Individual settlements were separate, each with a ‘king’ or small ruling elite of warrior-landowners.

  10. The Time of the Kings • Legend preserves seven king names, but there were surely more. • In the course of the 6th c. Rome grew into a major power. • The city now contained a large temple of Jupiter, land drains and culverts to increase habitable land, large stone aristocratic houses. • Romans built a defensive wall circuit enclosing 426 hectares, and held sway over much of Latium (up to 100 km to the south).

  11. The Roman Republic: The Capital of Italy • Towards the end of the 6th c. Rome abolished the monarchy and established a new political order - the Republic. • King was replaced by 2 consuls and a number of lesser magistrates elected yearly by the male citizen body. • The consuls chose an advisory body, the Senate (later you had to have well-defined qualifications to serve; landed wealth, military & political service)

  12. The Patricians • Consuls led the army in war and had executive legislative powers. • Army service was a duty of citizenship, but in reality limited to those who could afford their own equipment. • A small number of aristocratic families, the patricians, gained a monopoly on the consulship and most other civic and priestly offices from the middle of the 5th century on.

  13. The Plebeians • Late 5th c.: the lower classes formed their own alternative state, electing their own officers and forming their own cult. • For 200 years this plebeian organization fought to improve the lot of its members. • Principal demands: debt relief, fairer distribution of economic resources (like land). • 4th c. the plebeians won equal rights - a pleb could now run for consul. In 342, a rule was established mandating that one of the two consuls be plebeian.

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