190 likes | 250 Views
Join us in exploring the fascinating world of cells and cell theory. From the sizes of cells to the functions of organelles like the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and plastids, learn about the essential components that make life possible. Dive into the details of the cell membrane, endomembrane system, and unique characteristics of plant cells. Uncover the mysteries of cells and the magic of life!
E N D
Cells!! Yay! We’re so excited!! I always wanted to learn about cells and stuff…really Mr. Mason…I’m not bored….this is awesome…just like cheese, which is also awesome…but not quite as awesome as cells. Well, except for melted cheese…and that fancy cheese at Costco…that stuff is pretty awesome. Wait…what was I saying??? Oh yeah…cells! Woohoo!
Cell Theory • Life consists of cells • All cells are derived from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory • Life consists of cells • All cells are derived from pre-existing cells • Cells are the smallest units of matter that exhibit all five characteristics of life
Sizes of Cells • Most bacteria: 1-10 μm • Plant/animal cells: 10-100 μm • Can see with unaided eye down to 0.2mm (200 μm) • Largest cell? • Smallest cell?
Sizes of Cells • Most bacteria: 1-10 μm • Plant/animal cells: 10-100 μm • Can see with unaided eye down to 0.2mm (200 μm) • Largest cell? egg • Smallest cell? Sperm • Relative size of cells
Eukaryotic Cells • Defined by the presence of membrane-bound organelles (little organs). • Prokaryotes (bacteria) have an organelle (ribosome), but they are not membrane-bound
Cell Membrane = phospholipid bilayer(or if you really want to sound smart, you can call it the Fluid Mosaic Membrane…or FMM)
Functions of phospholipidbilayer • Protection • Transportation • Chem. reactions • Identification/communication
Organelles that process info: • Nucleus and Ribosomes
Nucleus • Storehouse for genetic code (DNA) • Synthesizes RNA and ribosomes
Ribosomes • The site of protein synthesis • Composed of proteins and rRNA(3 types of RNA in cells – mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA…but we’ll get to that during 2nd semester) • Either free (proteins used in cytoplasm) or attached to E.R. (proteins inserted into membrane or used for export)
Organelles that process energy • Mitochondria and plastids
Mitochondria • Converts energy from organic compounds (such as glucose) into ATP • Have their own DNA (only organelle that has DNA other than the nucleus)
Plastids • Chloroplasts – convert sunlight into glucose • Chromoplasts – give fruits and flowers their color (why?) • Leucoplasts – store starch (energy source) • Only found in plants
The endomembrane system • Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum • Serves as an intracellular highway (carries materials around the cell) • Rough ER – covered in ribosomes, produces phospholipids and proteins – especially for export • Smooth ER – produces lipids (steroids, hormones, etc.), aides in cell detox, and stores necessary ions
Golgi Apparatus • Processing, packaging, and secreting organelle • Modifies proteins for export, packages these (and other molecules) in vesicles (basically little cellular shipping containers)
Lysosome • The dumpster of the cell • Contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest organic molecules
Plant Cells – How are they unique? • Plants have: • Plastids • Vacuoles: large storage organelle • Cell wall covering phospholipidbilayer