Fueling the Future

1. COM 5467 Systems Thinking and Strategic Planning Fueling the Future Fueling the Future Mark Mulligan Yen-Shen “Sam” Chen Kai-Ping Wang Dina Cottrell Michelle Gonzales

2. CONTENTS Introduction by Mark Mulligan Coal, Oil and Gas by Yen-Shen “Sam” Nuclear by Kai-Ping Wang New Energy by Dina Cottrell Urban Infill by Michelle Gonzales Conclusion by Mark Mulligan

3. Introduction Presentation Outline • Problem Statement - Fueling the Future ( Keeping the end results in mind ) • Identify U.S.’s current energy status • Resources – Process – Products – Output - Outcomes • Introduce new technological solutions to offer a solution to what the system cycle should be.

4. Introduction

5. Introduction Keeping the end results in mind Some experts think that US energy consumption is part of the reason behind the 911 terrorist attacks?

6. Introduction Keeping the end results in mind Some experts believe that fossil fuel emissions is leading to Global Warming.

7. Introduction Problem Statement – Fueling the Future • The U.S. is too dependent on foreign oil, thus keeping our country focused on the middle east. ( The “Oil - Terrorism - War” Continuum ) • Coal Electric Plants and Automobile emissions are polluting the air and causing global warming. • Philosophical conflicts between opinion leaders to solve future energy needs. • Enormous financial costs in research and development to diversify energy needs.

8. Introduction Predicted changes in US energy consumption by the year 2100. Do we have philosophical conflicts

9. Introduction U.S. Electric Net Generation by Energy Source

10. Introduction Electric plants are the major buyer of coal, accounting for 92% of all coal consumed.

11. Introduction US Oil Imports Turning oil into gas for transportation vehicles accounts for 65% of US consumption.

12. Introduction The End Result of the System Cycle Burning coal and oil causes air pollution by emitting sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere, thus causing acid rain and contributing to global warming.

13. Introduction Global Warming is Happening • The U.S. has only 4% of the world’s population but produces nearly 25% of the global warming emissions. • The U.S. produces more global warming emissions per capita than any other nation.

14. Coal – Oil - Gas Coal Oil Gas

15. Other - 3.9% Hydro - 2.5% Nuclear - 8.4% Oil 39.4% Coal 23.1% Natural Gas 22.8% Coal – Oil - Gas Total U.S. Energy Consumption byPrimary Energy Source Source: DPA Energy Facts, Energy Statistic 2001

16. Coal – Oil - Gas Source :Energy information administration/ Annual Energy outlook 2006

17. Coal – Oil - Gas Total energy production and consumption 1980-2030 (quadrillion Btu) source :Energy information administration/ Annual Energy outlook 2006

18. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Trans Alaska oil pipeline Arctic Ocean Prudhoe Bay Coal Beaufort Sea ALASKA Gas Oil Prince William Sound High potential area Valdez Gulf of Alaska CANADA Pacific Ocean Grand Banks UNITED STATES Atlantic Ocean MEXICO Coal – Oil - Gas North American Energy Resources • Over the past 25 years U.S. demand for energy has increased by 35% while our supply has only increased by 17%. • We import 14% of the gas and 53% of the oil we use. Fig. 14.17, p. 338

19. Coal – Oil - Gas Coal Production • Coal production in the Untied States reached 1,112 million of tons in the year 2004 • Accounts for 51% of domestic energy production

20. Coal – Oil - Gas Oil Imports --Too dependent on foreign oil

21. Coal – Oil - Gas Where are global petroleum deposits located? Organization of Petroleum Exploring Countries: Saudi Arabia Iran Iraq Venezuela Kuwait UAE Libya Nigeria Indonesia Algeria Qatar USA 3%

22. 70 60 50 40 Bcfd 30 20 10 0 1973 1981 1989 1993 1977 1985 1997 2001 Consumption Production Coal – Oil - Gas U.S. Natural Gas Production vs. Consumption Billion Cubic Feet per Day

23. Coal – Oil - Gas Oil Crisis and Dirty Impacts • Oil Crisis---Too dependent on foreign oil • Impacts of our reliance on dirty energy sources - Global warming - Health effects from air pollution - Spills from oil

24. Coal – Oil - Gas Health Effects from Air Pollution • About 146 million people live in counties where monitored air pollution levels in 2002 reached unhealthy levels. • Highway vehicles are a major contributor to air pollution in the U.S., producing 29-63% of key chemicals that cause smog and health problems.

25. Coal – Oil - Gas Spills from oil • 1.7 million gallons of petroleum are spilled into U.S. waters from vessels and pipelines in a typical year • A single major spill can double that amount.

26. Global United States Problems Nuclear

27. Nuclear The Global Picture Today • The first commercial nuclear power stations started operation in the 1950s. • There are now some 441 commercial nuclear power reactors operating in 31 countries, with a total capacity of about 368 gigawatts. • They supply 16% of the world's electricity, as base-load power, and their efficiency is increasing.

28. Nuclear

29. Nuclear

30. Nuclear Note: Taipower uses nuclear energy to generate 22% of electricity on the island of Taiwan.

31. Nuclear Nuclear Power in US Today • The USA has over 100(104) nuclear reactors. • Producing a total of 97,400 megawatts (electric), which is approximately 20 percent of the nation's total electric energy consumption. • Extension of reactor lifetimes and new reactors.

32. Nuclear Source: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

33. Nuclear

34. Nuclear

35. Nuclear Problems • Great damage to the environment: Waste heat in water systems/ Solid waste • Health effect on population near nuclear plants • Serious risks such as accident or attack • The proliferation of nuclear weapons

36. Nuclear video

37. Renewable Energy Wind Solar Hydroelectric Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Biomass

38. Renewable Energy Wind Power • 6% of renewable electricity • 0.1 percent of total U.S. electricity supply • Research and redesigns have cut cost for wind energy by 80 percent • Used as stand-alone applications, or connected to a utility power grid • Large amounts of Space and noise

39. Renewable Energy

40. Renewable Energy Wind Power • Personal wind power • Built-up areas on roof tops • Quite and cost less • Cuts cost of electricity by two-thirds

41. Renewable Energy

42. Renewable Energy Solar Power • 1% of renewable electricity • 0.02 percent of total U.S. electricity supply • Heat water, lighting buildings or walk ways • Reduces need by about two-thirds

43. Renewable Energy High Efficient Solar Power • Break through in highly efficient solar power technology • Thin layer of a unique metal alloy and cheap • Homes completely self-sufficient • Meet demands even in winter

44. Fueling the Future Renewable Energy Hydroelectric Power • 266 Billion kilowatts • Generates 7% of nation’s energy • Leon County has an C.H. Corn hydroelectric plant

45. Fueling the Future Renewable Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power • Fifty million tons of hydrogen is produced each year worldwide • Nine million tons being consumed in the U.S. • Generates about 10% of the nation's energy • Water, biomass, coal, natural gas

46. Fueling the Future Renewable Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power • 65% of the oil consumed in the United States is used for transportation • Doesn’t contribute to groundwater pollution and harmful emissions • One gallon of water = One gallon of gasoline

47. Renewable Energy

48. Renewable Energy Electric Vehicles • Lithium battery pack technology provides 100% of the energy • Zero emission vehicle • Speeds in excess of 90 MPH

49. Renewable Energy Electric Vehicles Flex-fuel vehicles can run on either gasoline or ethanol. Today there are over 1.5 GM flex-fuel vehicles on the road.

50. Renewable Energy