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Literary Devices

Explore various literary devices such as flashback, foreshadowing, suspense, figurative language, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, and irony to make your reading experience more interesting.

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Literary Devices

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  1. LiteraryDevices Techniques Writer’s Use to Make the Reading Experience More Interesting

  2. Flashback • An interruption of the action to present events that took place at an earlier time. • Example: In the “Christmas Day in the Morning” story, Rob thinks back to the time when his father told him the Bible story of Jesus’ birth.

  3. Foreshadowing • Hints the writer gives to suggest future events in a story. • Example: In the myth of “Icarus and Daedalus” Daedalus warns his son about flying to close to the sun.

  4. Suspense • Feeling of growing tension and excitement felt by reader; makes the reader curious about the outcome

  5. FigurativeLanguage Identifying Metaphor, Simile, Hyperbole Personification and Irony

  6. Purposes • Capture the reader’s interest • Intensify the intended meaning • Strengthen reader’s mental envisioning • Contribute to the mood or tone • Help the reader make personal connections

  7. Simile • A literary comparison using “like” or “as” • Example: Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was white as snow.

  8. Metaphor • A literary comparison between two things in which something is described as though it were something else. This type of comparison does not use “like” or “as.” • Example: Ronnie is a pig when he eats.

  9. Hyperbole • A literary technique that uses exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect • Example: Sherri said she was so hungry she could eat an elephant.

  10. Personification • A literary technique where non-human things are given human characteristics • Example: The graceful tree stretched out her branches to touch the sky.

  11. Irony • A literary technique that involves surprising, interesting, or amusing contradictions. A contrast between expectation and reality. • Example: The scientific genius Albert Einstein flunked out of math when he was in high school.

  12. Correctly Identify the following Phrases…

  13. 1. Personification, Simile or Metaphor • He wore a white oxford (shirt) that was perfectly pressed and smooth as a newborn’s flesh. --Mauren Stuart Elements of Literature, First Course

  14. 2. Personification, Simile or Hyperbole • “Your grandmother must be as old as dirt,” Jonathan whispered to Joy.

  15. 3. Irony, Simile or Metaphor • Even at nighttime Mama is a sunrise that promises tomorrow and tomorrow. --Evelyn Tooley Hunt Elements of Literature, First Course

  16. 4. Irony, Hyperbole, or Simile • My sister wears so much make-up that she loses 30 pounds when she takes it off at night.

  17. 5. Personification, Simile or Hyperbole • The old car grumbled as grandpa tried to start the engine.

  18. 6. Irony, Personification, Metaphor • When Brooke, the drama queen, tried out for the school play, she was certain she would be awarded the lead part. However, when the cast list was posted she had been assigned to be the leading lady’s servant.

  19. 7. Irony, Personification, Hyperbole • Mr. Richards, an 89-year old man, won the PowerBall lottery for $7.8 million, and died in his sleep that same day.

  20. 8. Personification, Simile or Metaphor • For most of November, winter toyed with Two Mills, whispered in its ear, tickled it under the chin. --Jerry Spinelli Maniac Magee

  21. 9. Hyperbole, Simile or Irony • High above, a silver plane crossed the sky, silent as a spider. --Jerry Spinelli Maniac Magee

  22. 10. Hyperbole, Simile or Irony • I have a million things to do today complained Ms. Fredrick as she hurried across the parking lot.

  23. 11. Irony, Simile or Metaphor • “Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take the blows.” --Peggy Noonan

  24. 12. Personification, Simile or Metaphor • Although the cowboy pushed with all his might, the heavy rock refused to budge.

  25. 13. Personification, Simile or Metaphor • He slithered into town quietly so no one would notice when he dug his fangs in and slowly poisoned their minds.

  26. 14. Personification, Simile or Metaphor • He took a step further into the room, his head swinging from side to side like an old tiger scenting prey. --Neil Gaiman The Graveyard Book

  27. 15. Metaphor, Simile, Irony • A poacher who killed elephants for their tusks snuck into a wild life refuge's animal hospital area to kill a sick elephant because he thought it would be easy money. The elephant's problem was apparently constipation, and the medicine they gave the old fellow decided to take effect about this time. The poacher was trying to sneak up behind the elephant, trying to get close enough to pop it with a tranquilizer without making too much noise. As he got just behind the elephant, out gushed about 2 weeks worth of... well... crap. The poacher was completely buried and smothered to death.

  28. Review Your Notes • What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor? • Name an example of either hyperbole or personification in song lyrics. • What is the most suspenseful movie you have ever watched? • Which television series often uses flashbacks?

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