1 / 33

Poliovirus

Poliovirus. By Brittany Simpson November 6, 2012. Polio was a prevalent disease world-wide in the mid -1900’s. http:// www.polioeradication.org / Dataandmonitoring / Poliothisweek / Poliocasesworldwide.aspx. In contrast, in 2011 polio is close to eradication.

nara
Download Presentation

Poliovirus

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Poliovirus By Brittany Simpson November 6, 2012

  2. Polio was a prevalent disease world-wide in the mid-1900’s http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek/Poliocasesworldwide.aspx

  3. In contrast, in 2011 polio is close to eradication http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek/Poliocasesworldwide.aspx

  4. Polio is even closer to eradication this year http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek/Poliocasesworldwide.aspx

  5. Notice complete eradication from India! http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek/Poliocasesworldwide.aspx

  6. In the last six months, polio has come even closer to being completely erradicated. http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek/Poliocasesworldwide.aspx

  7. Polio is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, so it can be prevented through proper hygiene. http://www.politedissent.com/images/dec09/polio.jpg

  8. Polio symptoms generally consist of mild flu-like symptoms http://spcsites.com/livewellwyobraska/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/10377.jpg

  9. However, in 1 in 200 people it may cause severe paralysis and death http://students.cis.uab.edu/sajayi11/poliopatient.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ChxfFH9ehDU/SxUHUXQxL6I/AAAaA/V9ZnXP1Hn1g/s1600/polio.jpg

  10. Poliovirus is a picornavirus– one of the smallest in existence- and more specifically is an enterovirus http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/viruses/02-01_450.jpg

  11. The virus is surrounded by a capsid with an icosahedral lattice structure for stability. http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/experimental/hkcage/em_1f8v_small.png

  12. Poliovirus is a positive single stranded RNA virus– this means once inside the cell it’s RNA can immediately be translated into proteins http://www.npspindia.org/images/Polio-Virus.jpg

  13. Its genome consists of 7500 base pairs and codes for roughly 10 proteins http://education.expasy.org/images/Picornaviridae_genome.jpg

  14. It codes for three major groups of proteins: Structural proteins, RNA Polymerase, and proteins of unknown function. http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v4/n12/images/nm1298_1357.gif

  15. The virus enters the cell by either active pinocytosis or penetration into the plasma membrane. http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v3/n10/thumbs/nrmicro1284-f1.gif

  16. Once inside the cell, the capsid is removed and proteins are processed that shut down transcription of infected cell. http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v3/n10/thumbs/nrmicro1284-f1.gif

  17. The positive stranded RNA replicates and makes a negative strand to make further copies from. http://www.dbc.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/cycle03.jpg

  18. The positive stranded RNA replicates and makes a negative strand to make further copies from. These copies are incorporated into newly created virions in the cell. http://www.dbc.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/cycle03.jpg

  19. Once the virions have been produced, the cell undergoes lysis to release the infectious virions to infect other cells in the body http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/cell-lysis-kathryn-elliget.jpg http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/254451/530wm/M1320959-Cancer_cell_apoptosis,_SEM-SPL.jpg

  20. Poliovirus often infects nerve cells which can lead to paralysis and eventually death http://www.polioaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Degeneration-of-Nerve-cells-Neurons-during-Acute-Polio2-200x1024.jpg

  21. Jonas Salk began working in the early 1950’s to create a vaccine for the virus that would be effective against all three strains http://www.achievement.org/achievers/sal0/large/sal0-012.jpg

  22. Poliovirus is especially difficult to deactivate but it can be done by using extremely high temperatures, alkaline pHs, and certain chemical compounds

  23. Poliovirus is especially difficult to deactivate but it can be done by using extremely high temperatures, alkaline pHs, and certain chemical compounds Salk used Formalin, a derivative of formaldehyde to deactivate the virus while leaving its basic structure intact. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iTBrI0M9a2k/UCqLIeMxpWI/AAAQw/U2g0diO7wlA/s1600/formalin-solution.jpg

  24. A primitive form of the vaccine was created and then tested on monkeys and a small number of human subjects– no adverse effects were seen. http://imagecache6.allposters.com/LRG//37/3788/BE4IF00Z.jpg

  25. Salk and his team moved on to full scale clinical trials, testing the vaccine on nearly 2 million children. http://schoolworkhelper.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Jonas-Salk-2.jpg http://amhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/images/imgclinical_04.jpg

  26. Salk and his team moved on to full scale clinical trials, testing the vaccine on nearly 2 million children. Vaccine is Released to the public April 15, 1955 http://schoolworkhelper.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Jonas-Salk-2.jpg http://amhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/images/imgclinical_04.jpg

  27. When the vaccine is introduced to the body, your immune system will create antibodies in response to the deactivated virus. http://madcatmedia.com/eureka/files/crystalStructure_Antibody.gif

  28. When the vaccine is introduced to the body, your immune system will create antibodies in response to the deactivated virus. Now if you were to be infected, you would experience a secondary immune response and not fall ill with the disease! http://madcatmedia.com/eureka/files/crystalStructure_Antibody.gif

  29. The number of cases dropped dramatically after the introduction of the vaccine! http://barlow.gresham.k12.or.us/Science/Anderson/Polio_Critical_Thinking_files/image002.jpg

  30. A second form of the vaccine is later introduced by Albert Sabin which utilizes a weakened strain of the virus to be taken orally http://www.poliosurvivorsnetwork.org.uk/archive/lincolnshire/library/gawne/images/pandcmfig1.gif

  31. This is more similar to the vaccines being used in modern times in developing countries. http://www.poliosurvivorsnetwork.org.uk/archive/lincolnshire/library/gawne/images/pandcmfig1.gif

  32. Polio has been eradicated from almost every country in the world; it only remains in Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. http://globalprosperity.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/polio-immunization-360-1-1.jpg http://vactruth.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/oral-polio-vaccine.jpg

  33. The GPEI hopes to have the disease completely eradicated within the next two to three years, and is working to make IPV affordable in endemic countries. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/situationawareness/polio/images/GPEI.jpg

More Related