O I L

1. O I L Ashley Smallridge – Jasmine – AnnMarie Mews – Sarah Tovar

2. AnnMarie Mews Historical Context • The first oil drilled was in Titusville, Pennsylvania by Edwin Drake in 1859 • Texas and Oklahoma became centers of U.S. production • After WWII the Middle East became a major supplier • Originally used as kerosene for lighting • Now almost all forms of transportation is fueled by oil http://youtu.be/U2ms95HX0l4

3. Geographical Context Ashley Smallridge • The United States is the largest oil consumer with about 18,690,000 barrels per day • Over 50 percent of oil is found in the Middle East • Russia is the largest oil exporter, followed by Saudi Arabia • The United States is the third largest • Russia exports about 9.5 million barrels of oil a day

4. Geographical Context Libya produces about 2% of oil Some of the major companies in Libya have stopped exporting Muammar Gadaffi (Libyan leader) may shut down the countries oil pipelines

5. Major Players • The oil and gas industry is composed of a number of different companies and organizations that contribute to supplying refined products and natural gas.  • The industry is composed of fully-integrated oil and gas companies, independent oil and gas producers, refiners and marketers, pipeline operators, service companies, trade associations and government agencies. • Operating companies are those organizations that perform core functions along the value chain such as exploration and refining.

6. Sarah Tovar Sources of Conflict • Oil spills • Non-renewable energy source • -Takes millions of years to form. • Acid rain • -This can lead to destruction of forests and the progressive erosion of rock and masonry structures • Many of the countries where oil can be found are politically unstable • -Around 70% of the world’s oil reserves are believed to be located in the Middle East. • Locating additional oil reserves • -Costly, no guarantee of success.

7. Oil Prices Affects everything that is made, transported, eaten and sold in the United States Affects Airplane ticket prices, farmers in Iowa, to a factory worker in China Grew an annual rate of 4.9 last quarter On Monday April 4th gas rose to $108.78 a barrel Which could raise gas prices to 4 dollars a gallon Global demand is currently overpowering global supply China and India’s economic growth is also affecting U.S cause they are in need of oil

8. Solutions • Reinvest in public transit and inter-city railroads • Promote “smart growth” • Make fuel from farm wastes • Check tire pressure and obey speed limit • Use carpools and public transit • Use fuel efficient engine oil • Buy most fuel efficient car that meets your needs

9. Sources -Historical Context – AnnMarie Mews http://www.bydesign.com/fossilfuels/links/html/oil/oil_history.html http://www.pbs.org/wnet/extremeoil/history/1850.html -Sources of Conflict – Sarah Tovar http://fossil-fuel.co.uk/oil/the-disadvantages-of-oil -Major Players http://www.petrostrategies.org/Learning_Center/industry_players.htm http://www.planete-energies.com/content/oil-gas/companies.html -Geographical Context – Ashley Smallridge http://www.bnet.com/blog/clean-energy/3-middle-east-oil-supply-tipping-points-to-watch-out-for/4373 http://cnx.org/content/m16730/latest/ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2174rank.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/22/oil-producers-exporters-t_n_826564.html#s244326&title=2_Saudi_Arabia http://www.grist.org/climate-change/2011-02-24-the-climate-post-tension-over-middle-east-oil http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/02/libyan_oil