1914-1918: The World at War

1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War

2. Differing Viewpoints • “The Great War” • “The War to End All Wars” • “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

3. Causesof theWar

4. M.A.N.I.A. (Causes of WW I) • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

5. 1. Militarism & Arms Race • Building up the military (tanks, guns, boats, etc.)

6. 2. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

7. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

8. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

9. Europe in 1914

10. 3. Aggressive Nationalism

11. 4. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

13. The“Spark”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. 5. The Assassination: Sarajevo

16. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

17. The Plot • Serbian nationalists (Black Hand) wanted Bosnia to join Serbia. • They thought that assassinating the Archduke would start a war which would lead to uniting Serbia. • Gavrilo Princip shot Ferdinand and his wife Sophia in Sarajevo.

18. The Ultimatum • Austria-Hungary believed that the Serbian gov’t was behind the assassination. • AH issues an ultimatum to allow AH to enter Serbia to investigate. • Serbia rejects the ultimatum. • AH declares war against Serbia on July 28, 1914.

19. Europe is at War! • Russia mobilizes its army on July 29 to support Serbia (only had plans to mobilize against both AH and Germany). • Germany mobilized and declared war on Russia on Aug 1 (Germany’s plans were to mobilize against both Russia & France).

20. The Fighting Begins! • Germany declared war France August 3 because war plans (Schieffen plan) called to attack France first and attack through neutral Belgium. • Because Germany cut through Belgium Britain declared war on Germany on August 4.

21. The Schlieffen Plan

22. German Atrocities in Belgium

23. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

24. Recruitment Posters

25. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

26. New French Recruits

27. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

29. Womenand theWarEffort

30. Financing the War

31. For Recruitment

32. Munitions Workers

33. French Women Factory Workers

34. German Women Factory Workers

35. Working in the Fields

36. A Woman Ambulance Driver

37. Red Cross Nurses

38. Women in the Army Auxiliary

39. Russian Women Soldiers

40. Posters:WartimePropaganda

41. American Poster

42. Financing the War

43. German Poster Think of Your Children!

44. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

45. A Multi-Front War

46. The Western Front

47. Trench Warfare

48. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

49. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

50. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.