Selma CELİKYAY Zonguldak Karaelmas University Bartin Faculty of Forestry

1. DDSS 2006 Conference/4-7 July/Heeze-Kapellerput/The NetherlandsResearch on new residential areas using GISA case study Selma CELİKYAY Zonguldak Karaelmas University Bartin Faculty of Forestry Department of Landscape Architecture 74100-Bartin-TURKEY

2. Sustainability The bridge between today and future Usage of natural resources without exhausting them Ecological planning The relation between human and nature The balance between utilization and conservation of the natural resources. Main approachesThere are two main approaches guiding the research. One of them is sustainability and thus, the other is ecological planning approach. As known, both of them are related to one another. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

3. Sustainability • Sustainability concept makes a bridge between today and future. • One of the major principles of sustainable development: “usage of natural resources without exhausting them” has been appropriated by the whole world and the space planning strategies have gained a new dimension considering natural resources. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

4. Ecological planning • As known, planning is a decision-making process regarding “the future”. On each scale of planning process, spatial rules of the social life have been formed. In planning process preparing scenarios on communityscale, firstly spatial analyses should be carried out. • Throughout the world, spatial planning strategies focusing on the sustainable development have ecological approach. Bothregional and urban planning processes have been basedupon ecological issues. • Each land is not suitable for every kind of land uses or is suitable for only one land usefrom the natural resource point of view. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

5. Research area • The principal aimof the study is mainly to make a framework that will guide planning process regarding Bartin settlement. • In the city of Bartin through which the Bartin River flows, a case study has been carried out regarding the planning strategies and the ecological approach mentioned above. • Bartin is situated in Black Sea Region of Turkey. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

6. 3D map of the research area ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

7. Materials • Geographical information system • ArcView 3.2 • AutoCad • Potential value analysis program ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

8. Method The method of McHarg employed in this study is alsobased on the ecological analysis, determination of the land use potentials of an area in terms of natural resources and the use of this analysis in physical planning. Stages: • Data • Analysis • Evaluation • Result ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

9. Data At the first stage, data regarding research area was stored in computer. • Topography • Geology • Hydrology • Soil • Flora • Existing land uses ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

10. Analysis Basically, there are two steps at the analysis stage. • Creation of the mathematical analysis method • Grid analysis ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

11. Mathematical analysis method • A mathematicalformula was created for analysis of ecological factors in the research area. The basic principle underlying of this formula is that each land is not suitable for every kind of land uses or is suitable for only one land use from the point of potential of natural resources view. • The aim of using a mathematical method is not only to selection of the suitable lands for residential uses but also to eliminate unsuitable lands. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

12. Mathematical formula The basic principle underlying of this mathematical formula is that the potential of a land for residential use is the sum of the potential values of the ecological factors related to the land. This expression has been mathematically formulated: • RLU PV = Factor1 PV + Factor2 PV + …. + Factor (n) PV • RLU= Residential Land Use • PV= Potential Value This mathematical formula is a basic formula guiding the research based on ecological approach. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

13. Mathematical formula • FactorPV = g.e • RLU PV = ΣFactor PV = g1.e1 + g2.e2 +…+ g(n).e(n) • RLUPV = Total potential value related to residential land use • PV = Potential value of the ecological factor related to residential land use • g = The ecological factor’s level of importance in determining the residential land use • e = The numerical value of the ecological factor (functional value) ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

14. Criterions for residential areas Criterions selected for residential areas are ability class of the soil, slope, erosion and aspect factors. • RApv =Ability Classpv + Slopepv + Erosionpv +AspectpvRA = Potential residential areas pv = Potential value ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

15. Criterions for residential areas • Each one of these ecological factors was separated inferior factors having the ecological threshold characteristics for residential land use. Either primary ecological factors or inferior ecological factors were evaluated numerical values. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

16. Table 1. Assessment criterions related to the potential residential areas ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

17. Table 2. Assessment criterions related to the ability class factor of the lands ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

18. Table 3. Assessment criterions related to the slopefactor ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

19. Table 4. Assessment criterions related to the erosion factor ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

20. Table 5.Assessment criterions related to the aspect factor ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

21. Grid analysis • Division of the research area into geographicgrid units • Question of the ecological factors within the grid units in accordance with the mathematical method ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

22. Grid analysis • Through the grid analysis, the existence of ecological sub-factors in grid units has been questioned according to the mathematical method with the help of geographical information system. • Not only one sub-factor but also several sub-factors existing in these grids have been taken into account. And so,the dominant type method has been used in the assessment of ecological sub-factors researched in the grid system. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

23. Evaluation • Selection of the appropriate lands for residential uses • Elimination of the inappropriate lands for residential uses ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

24. Evaluation • According to the grid analysis, the grids receiving a potential value less than the minimum potential value indicated in the natural factor evaluation table related to residential areas through the computer program developed for this purpose have been determined as the areas lack of potential and have been extracted from the evaluation. • The grid units having numerical value between minimum potential value and mid-potential value have been determined as the second degree potential areas. The grid units having numerical value above mid-value have been determined as the first degree potential areas. In this way, a map illustrating two optional residential areas has been acquired. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

25. Result of the research • As a result of the grid analyses, the fourth class lands having slope between twelve and twenty percent, the lands having mid-erosion degree, and aspects of south, south-east and east were determined as first classpotential areas that are suitable for residential land uses. • The hill sides around the settled areas are the places having high potential in terms of residential land uses. Contrary to the settlements on the first class agricultural lands, and the places having risks in terms of level of the subsoil water and earthquake, these areas have characteristic of strong ground in terms of geologic structure. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

26. New residential areas ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

27. Existing land uses • As seen on the map, in the developing residential area- outside of the settled areas- the housing areas have been built as they were suggested in 1980’s plan on the scale of 1/5000. • Some of these residential areas have fourth class land useability and they are on 12-20 % gradient hillsides, while some of the residential areas are on valuable agricultural lands having first class land use ability. In the areas outside of the settled area, residences having 2 or 3 floors can be observed. These residential areas also have first class land use ability and they are set on the most fertile agricultural lands. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

28. Existing land uses ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

29. Conclusions • The research shows that most of the lands of Bartin settlement have been misused due to physical plans not considering natural resources. • Especially agricultural lands have been used for residential land uses. • In the process of urban development, socio-economical development strategies regarding the future of Bartin settlementshould be focused on ecological bases. It should be considered to provide the balance between conservation and utilization of the natural resourcesfor sustainability. ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

30. Selma Celikyay Zonguldak Karaelmas University Bartin Faculty of Forestry Department of Landscape Architecture 74100-Bartin-TURKEY slmcelikyay@hotmail.com selma.celikyay@mynet.com www.bof/karaelmas.edu.tr/peyzaj/en/index.php ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university