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ANCIENT SUMER. 8,000 B.C.E. – 2,000 B.C.E. Location: The Fertile Crescent. Mrs. I. Gonzalez. Controlling the Water. Major Source of Water: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Challenges: These 2 rivers flood every spring Land SUPER marshy (hard to grow stuff) Solutions: dams, canals, dikes
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ANCIENT SUMER 8,000 B.C.E. – 2,000 B.C.E. Location: The Fertile Crescent Mrs. I. Gonzalez
Controlling the Water • Major Source of Water: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • Challenges: • These 2 rivers flood every spring • Land SUPER marshy (hard to grow stuff) • Solutions: • dams, canals, dikes • Drain the marshy land
Agriculture in Sumer • Land conditions: silt deposits from the annual flooding make great soil for growing a variety of crops • Inventions and technology related to agriculture: • Ox plow • Bronze • Wheeled vehicles • A number system with base 60 • Crops: • barley • Dates • Peas • Wheat • beans • Flax • Olives • grapes
Jobs in Sumer(Division of Labor) Trader (sailboats) baker artist builder mason scribe metal worker merchant priest teacher sculpter (potters wheel) weaver crafts person government official
Sumerian Cities(infrastructure) Cities • Eridu • Nippur • Lagash • Kish • Ur • Sippar • Adab • Umma • Larsa • Akshak • Larak • Bad-tibira • Erech • City Design • Wall is built around entire city • Ziggurats in center of city • Public buildings and marketplaces built around the ziggurat
Written • Language Notable Leaders • BeliefSystem/ Government • Cuneiform (a type of hieroglyphic writing) • Clay tablets and stylus • Cuneiform evolved from hieroglyphic system to a phonetic alphabet • Each city state ruled by an ensi (priest king) • Each ensi represented the “local god” • Each local god represented a force of nature • King Etana (ruler of Kish and 1st documented ensi) • King Enmelgaragesi (built the temple of Enlit at Nippur) • King Mesanesada (made Ur the capital of Sumer) • King Shulgi (2100 B.C.E.) • Gilgamesh • Lugulbanda • Lugalzaggisi