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Roman Expansion. Italian Peninsula to the Punic Wars. Italian Peninsula. 338 B.C.E.- Rome started to expand into Latium and Etruria. By 264 B.C.E., Rome ruled the Italian peninsula. System of Alliances. Instead of punishing the conquered people, Rome made them allies.
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Roman Expansion Italian Peninsula to the Punic Wars
Italian Peninsula • 338 B.C.E.- Rome started to expand into Latium and Etruria. • By 264 B.C.E., Rome ruled the Italian peninsula
System of Alliances • Instead of punishing the conquered people, Rome made them allies. • They had to fight for Rome in the future, but they were promised protection, and spoils of any future wars. • Even granted conquered people citizenship. • SPQR - Senatus Populusque Romanus ("The Senate and the People of Rome"), referring to the government of the ancient Roman Republic, and used as an official signature of the government.
The Roman Gladius • What does this word remind you of? • Gladiator means “Swordsman” • Roman swords were short, only about 24 inches long. • This sword belonged to a Roman army officer.
Battle Gear &Footwear • Roman army boots were like sandals, but stronger with iron nails in the soles. • You could hear Roman soldiers coming - tramp, tramp, tramp along the road! Detail of chainmail. Replica from second century AD
Reenactment of a Roman Legion Attacking • Notice the size of the shields, the size of the swords.
The Roman Testudo • Shelter formed by overlapping oblong shields, held by soldiers above their heads. • Military Formations • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUOk3PcQTJQ • Under Fire from Above • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRnz6zB_KEE
Mighty Carthage • Carthage was a major western Mediterranean power at the time.
The Punic Wars • Carthage and Rome become fierce rivals. • 200’s B.C.E. - Rome fights Carthage over control of Sicily. • Start of the 1st Punic War • Punici – Latin for “people of Carthage”
1st Punic War (264 – 241 B.C.E.) • Roman Navy invents the “crow” or corvus • Plank with hooks that would drop down serving as a bridge to board other ships • Rome better withstood huge losses during the war because of their loyal Allies. • Rome takes Sicily (Mediterranean expansion)
2nd Punic War (219 - 201 B.C.E.) • Carthage rebounded by taking Roman allies in Spain - Rome declares war. • Carthaginian General Hannibal decides to invade Italy • March from Spain to Italy with 60,000 soldiers, 6,000 horses and 37 elephants.
Hannibal crossing the Alps during the Winter of 218 B.C.E. • After nine days' climb Hannibal's army reached the snow-covered summit of the pass over the Alps--all the time being attacked by mountain tribes. • However, when the enemy attacked the army , the elephants were of great use to the Carthaginians. The enemy was so terrified of the animals' strange appearance that they dared not come anywhere near them."
Hannibal's March to Italy • Hannibal crushed the Romans in Italy. • Hannibal remembered throughout Roman history.
Hannibal Meets His Match • Roman General Scipio makes a secret pact with Carthage’s ally, Numidia. • Attacks Carthage while Hannibal is still in Italy.
Scipio Africanus • Scipio Wins at Zama • For his victory, he was given a surname: • Africanus, for his glorious conquest of Carthage • Carthage paid Rome huge sums. It gave up all its territories to Rome including the large supplies of copper, tin, lead, gold and iron in Iberia, ( Spain). • Rome now controlled the western Mediterranean.
