1 / 64

Introduction to Winter Tree Identification

Introduction to Winter Tree Identification. Coniferous Trees. These are trees that hold on to their leaves all year round . Their leaves are needle or scale-like . These forests are home to many fur-bearing animals. Alternate names: Evergreens Softwoods. Coniferous Trees.

nasnan
Download Presentation

Introduction to Winter Tree Identification

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Winter Tree Identification

  2. Coniferous Trees • These are trees that hold on to their leaves all year round. • Their leaves are needle or scale-like. • These forests are home to many fur-bearing animals. • Alternate names: • Evergreens • Softwoods

  3. Coniferous Trees Scale-like leaves Needle-like leaves

  4. Deciduous Trees • These are trees that lose their leaves in the winter. • These trees are harder in density, and are used for furniture and flooring. • A hardwood log will burn longer and hotter than a softwood log. • Alternate names: • Hardwood • Broad leaved trees

  5. How to identify a tree? • Learn the tree identification features • Know your environment or habitat • Wetland, upland, soil type • Use a tree identification key • Determine whether coniferous or deciduous. • Check to see bud or leaf arrangement

  6. Tree Identification Features • Leaf, needle, scale-like leaf • Twig and bud • Bark • Size and form • Shade tolerance • Seed • Wood • Region and habitat

  7. 1. Identifying by the leaf • A: Leaf type • B: Arrangement on twig • C: Leaf shape • D: Leaf margin

  8. A: Leaf Types • Compound vs. Simple • Scale-like • Needles • In bunches of 5 • In bunches of 2 • Simply on twig

  9. Simple undivided Compound Divided into leaflets A: Leaf Type

  10. Scale-like Needles A: Leaf Type In bundles of 5 In bundles of 2 Singly on twig

  11. B: Leaf Arrangement • Alternate • Leaves grow alternately on twig • Opposite • Leaves grow opposite of each other on twig • Whorled • Leaves grow in a circular fashion on the twig

  12. C: Leaf Shape oval reversed oval linear heart-shaped cordate cuneate

  13. D: Leaf Margins • Smooth • Toothed • Wavy or lobed

  14. 2. Twig and Buds • Twig with opposite bud arrangement • Twig with alternate bud arrangement • Conifer twig

  15. 3. Bark • Varies by age and growth rate • Identifying features: • Colour • Structure (flaky, smooth, rough) • Pattern (fissured, furrowed, flat ridges)

  16. 4. Form or Shape • Form refers to the shape of the crown, the branches and the trunk. • Each species has a characteristic form when grown in the open

  17. 5. Shade Tolerance • All tree species have a tolerance level for shade. • Intolerant • Species that cannot survive in shaded conditions. They need direct sunlight to grow. • Intermediate • Species that can survive in partially shaded conditions. • Tolerant • Species that can live in shaded conditions

  18. Shade Tolerance Chart

  19. 6. Region & Habitat • Soil structure, water conditions and sunlight all have an impact on species of trees growing in a region • Examples: • Bog – black spruce, larch • Upland, rocky terrain – sugar maple, hickory, beech, red oak, jack pine • Clay loam field – ash, basswood, elm

  20. Coniferous AKA: Evergreens, softwoods, needle-bearing trees Class: Magnoliopsida Division: Pinophyta

  21. Needles Clusters of 2, 3 and 5 needles per bundle Scales Usually flat Waxy Coniferous leaf

  22. Short needles or scales In opposite or whorls

  23. Eastern White Cedar • Thuja occidentalis L. • AKA: Northern white cedar, eastern thuja, eastern arbovitae

  24. Needles Bundles of 2, 3 and 5

  25. Eastern White Pine • Pinus strobus L. • AKA: northern white pine, weymouth pine • The only 5 needle pine in Eastern Canada.

  26. Red Pine • Pinus resinosa Ait. • AKA: Norway pine • The only native 2 needle pine in eastern Canada with long needles

  27. Tamarack • Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch • AKA: Larch • Has tufts of soft needles in summer, leaves turn brilliant yellow in fall and trees become leafless in winter.

  28. Single, flat or 4-sided

  29. Balsam Fir • Abies balsamea L. • AKA: Canada balsam

  30. White Spruce • Picea glauca (Voss) • AKA: Cat spruce, skunk spruce, pasture spruce, Canadian spruce

  31. Eastern Hemlock • Tsuga canadensis Carriere

  32. Deciduous AKA: broadleaf, hardwoods, flowering trees Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida

  33. Opposite pairs Two leaves or buds are positioned on opposite sides of the stem

  34. Sugar Maple • Acer saccharum Marsh. • AKA: Hard maple, rock maple

  35. Silver Maple • Acer saccharinum L. • AKA: Soft maple

  36. Red Maple • Acer rubrum L. • AKA: Swamp maple, soft maple

  37. White Ash • Fraxinus americana L. • Compound leaf

  38. Leaves alternate & compound

  39. Butternut • Juglans cinerea L. • AKA: White walnut

  40. Leaves alternate and simple Edges lobed

  41. Bur Oak • Quercus macrocarpa Michx. • AKA: Blue oak, mossycup oak

  42. Leaves alternate and simple Edges toothed

  43. Basswood • Tilia americana L. • AKA: American linden

  44. White Birch • Betula papyrifera Marsh. • AKA: Paper birch, canoe birch

  45. Leaves alternate, simple, edges smooth

  46. Bud arrangement

  47. Winter Tree ID Key • Take a few minutes to go over your handout. • Highlight the important aspects, in order to help you differentiate types of trees. • Feel free to add notes. Sometimes coding helps the memory.

  48. Activity – Name that tree • As a group, your objective will be to use your handout in order to name the type of tree displayed on each slide. READY?

  49. 1) Name that tree…

  50. 2) Name that tree…

More Related