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NACREW 2013 27 A ugust, Quebec

Crop protection in cranberry crops and honeybee safety Madeleine Chagnon, entomologist , Ph.D . Jean-Pierre Deland , Agr ., M.Sc . . NACREW 2013 27 A ugust, Quebec. SITUATION. Severe honeybee losses have been reported up to 3 days after pesticide treatments.

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NACREW 2013 27 A ugust, Quebec

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  1. Cropprotection in cranberrycrops and honeybeesafety Madeleine Chagnon, entomologist, Ph.D. Jean-Pierre Deland, Agr., M.Sc. NACREW 2013 27 August, Quebec

  2. SITUATION Severe honeybee losses have been reported up to 3 days after pesticide treatments. Dead honeybees were found in front of hives and in field margins.

  3. FACTS Insect pollination can increase cranberry fruit yield by 30-50%. To ensure a good production, cranberry producers rent honeybee hives For beekeepers, hive rentals provide very interesting additional income

  4. FACTS … on the other hand … during flowering It is important to protect this crop against the Cranberry fruit worm (Acrobasisvaccinii) at risk of losing 20% to 35% of the harvest Photo credit: daamaaextweb.gnb.ca In organic production, the potential loss can reach up to $ 2800 - $ 5000 per acre. Photo credit: daamaaextweb.gnb.ca The Blackheadedfireworm( Rhopobotanaevana) can also cause considerable dammage

  5. OBJECTIVES • This 4 part study aims to find ways to use pesticides registered to control pests in cranberry by ways that can be … • safer for honeybees and all pollinators • while remaining effective for crop protection

  6. PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES • Test different methods of applying a pesticide(Entrust) in cranberry so that it can be for bees. • PART 2. NEW PRODUCTS • Test new insecticides registered (or being registered) for cranberry pest control on honeybee safety. PART 3. DRIFT • Estimate spraying methods to reduce drift and find the ideal distance from field to place hives.

  7. PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES Test different methods of applying a pesticide(Entrust) in cranberry so that it can be safer for all bees. Treatments Entrust (Spinosad) treatments 1 : CONTROL (0 g m.a./ha). • 2 : USUAL DOSE_ 218 g/ha Entrust (175g m.a./ha) • 3 : HALF DOSE_109 g/ha de Entrust (87.4g m.a./ha) (registered) • 4 : USUAL DOSE_RINCED_218 g/ha de Entrust (175g m.a./ha) • Rinced the next morning during 1 hour.

  8. PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES EXPERIENCE IN CAGED SEMI-FIELD CONDITIONS • Treatments were done on different fields (or field sections) • The 3m X 6m treated plots are covered by a screen house • Nuclei with a laying queen, 4 frames of brood and reserves are introduced into each tent. • The honeybee colonies were introduced only in covered areas.

  9. PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES METHODOLOGY –THE FIELD Sprinklers wereblockedto preventrinsingaftersometreatments Protection of control plots (3m X 6m) during pesticide treatments

  10. METHODOLOGY –THE HONEYBEES • PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES • Brood and the number of honeybees: Before and after treatments • Number of dead bees in front of the hives • Abnormal behaviour of bees was noted (tremor, lethargy, inactivity, overactivity).

  11. METHODOLOGY – THE TRIALS • PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES Pesticide treatments after sunset Transport of mini hives (Nuclei) at night( 5 frames) Installation of shelters in very early morning, after pesticide had dried and before honeybees started foraging

  12. METHODOLOGY – THE TRIAL • PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES Establishment of 16 plots (3 treatments + 1 control X 4 replicates)

  13. METHODOLOGY –FRUIT DAMMAGE • PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES • BlackheadedFireworm: • On 100 stems per plot • Count small larvae or eggs. • Sample taken before treatments, and 7 days after. • Yields and fruit damage were estimated by collecting 5 times one square foot, for a total of 0.45 m2 of fruit per plot. • Fruits were weighed and measured in the laboratory. • Cranberry Fruitworm, • On 200 fruits per plot • Count the eggs and larvae • Yields and pest damage assessments were done as for the Fireworm.

  14. METHODOLOGY –FRUIT DAMMAGE • PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES Two fields (2) Four (4)repetitions for each treatment, in each field Monitoring was done before and after pesticide treatments in four (4) smaller plots (1 m2), defined within the treated area. Cranberry Fruitworm Twelve (12) plots were used in fields with high infestation Three (3) treatments :Control, Entrust 1X et Entrust 1X rinsed. BlackheadedFireworm Sixteen (16) plots were samples in fields with low infestation Four (4) treatments: Control, Entrust 1X, Entrust 1X rinsed and Entrust ½X.

  15. PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES RESULTS – FRUIT DAMMAGE TREATMENTS

  16. PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES RESULTS – FRUIT DAMMAGE BlackheadedFireworm(Rhopobotanaevana). b a a a a % of damaged fruit (numbers) % of total weight

  17. PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES RESULTS – FRUIT DAMMAGE- Cranberry Fruitworm( Acrobasisvaccinii) b b a a a a % of dammaged fruit (numbers) % of total weight

  18. RESULTS – HONEYBEES • PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES IMPACTS OF TREATMENTS ON HONEYBEES IN CAGED PLOTS (shelters) There was no significant difference between the number of dead bees in from of the hives, according to the treatments. Fewer bees were observed on flowers of rinsed Entrust treatment. However, flowering was more advanced in these fields and the number of open flowers was lower. Observation: 10 minutes - 2.5 m2 (1/8 of the cage)

  19. RESULTS – HONEYBEES • PART 1. ENTRUST-DOSES Honeybee populations

  20. PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES • Test new insecticides registered (or being registered) for cranberry pest control on honeybee safety. Estimation of impact on honeybees • Dead honeybees in front of hives • Repulsively 

  21. PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES INSECTICIDES TESTED

  22. PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES INSECTICIDES TESTED

  23. PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES Tipworm Tipworm -Fruitworms Cranberry Weevil Fireworm– Fruitworms Cranberry Weevil BlakheadedFireworm 2G Tipworm BlackheadedFireworm SparganothisFruitworm Cranberry Fruitworm 2G Tipworm Hook stage Flowering beginning of fruit set and end of flowering

  24. METHODOLOGY PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES Expérimental design C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 1 3 4 2 5 1 Témoin 2 Delegate B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 2 5 1 3 4 3 Actara 4 Movento A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 5 Altacor 4 2 3 5 1

  25. METHODOLOGY PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES Data collection in shelters • The treated plots are covered by a screen house (shelter style Tempo) • Nuclei with a laying queen and 4 frames of brood and reserves are introduced into each tent. • The bee colony foraging introduced only in covered areas.

  26. METHODOLOGY PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES • ESTIMATIONS of number of dead bee in front of the hives • twice a day for 72 hours • once on the last day: • = 7 observation periods

  27. METHODOLOGY PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES Behavioural observations Drinking water (thirst) Behaviour in shelters

  28. RESULTS – Repulsion-Attractivity PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES Number of foragers (10 minutes – 1/8 shelter)

  29. RESULTS- BEHAVIOR PART 3. NEW PESTICIDES Fewerbeesweredrinking in Moventoand Delegatetreatments There was no difference in the aggregation behaviour on the roof between treatments

  30. RESULTS-MORTALITY PART 3. NEW PESTICIDES ACTARAALTACORDELEGATEMOVENTOCONTROL Nombre abeilles mortes par 24h Number of deadhoneybees by 24h 4 hours 24 hours 48 hours 72 hours Time aftertreatment

  31. PART 2. NEW PESTICIDES CONCLUSIONS After the treatment, the highest dead bee count was found with Delegate. Accumulation of moisture in the shelters could explain for this because it is known that this product should be allowed to dry on leaves in order to be safe to bees. Insecticides and Movento and Actara did not cause mortality after application. They seemed to have a higher mortality after 48 hours.  THESE RESULTS ARE SIGNIFICANT The ALTACOR (Chlorantraniliprole 35%) proved insecticide against pests present during flowering that caused the least mortality in bees. However, it should be used with caution because it is toxic to aquatic organisms. Chlorantraniliprole is persistent and may leach into surronding water. We recommend: DO NOT apply this product directly to freshwater habitats Do not apply an insecticide on more than 2 successive generations of a same insect species.

  32. PART 3. DRIFT Pesticide drift and distance from field borders • Quantify the deposition of pesticides beyond the targeted treatment area; • Evaluate the distribution of the drift (distance transport and deposition of droplets); • Compare the effects of droplet size and the height of the ramp on the size and distribution of drift. CETAQ Joseph Bertrand Desrouilleres and Jean-Pierre Deland Testing an anti drift noozel Atdifferenthights

  33. Spectrophotometer analysis Still a lot of work to do !!!

  34. Thankyou Fédération des apiculteurs du Québec

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