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Reaction Times: Hand Dominance and Participation in Sports

Reaction Times: Hand Dominance and Participation in Sports. Michelle Ji , Samantha Shober , April Zhang Block 4 16 May 2011. Introduction. Tested on 47 students and two teachers Whether or not hand dominance or sports had affect on reaction times Test Structure

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Reaction Times: Hand Dominance and Participation in Sports

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  1. Reaction Times: Hand Dominance and Participation in Sports Michelle Ji, Samantha Shober, April Zhang Block 4 16 May 2011

  2. Introduction • Tested on 47 students and two teachers • Whether or not hand dominance or sports had affect on reaction times • Test Structure • Participants place fingers on both sides of meter stick (with dominant hand) at 40 cm mark • Meter stick randomly dropped • Participants grasp as soon as possible • Measurement made based on where index finger touched • Categorical Data • Whether or not participants played sports during the school year • Whether or not participants were left/right hand dominant

  3. Distribution of Data • Shape: Unimodal and slightly skewed right • Center: • Mean (disregarding right skew): 15.3765 • Median (to account for right skew): 14 • Spread: • Range: 36 • Q1: 12 • Q3: 20

  4. Normal Probability Plot: Does it Fit? • Majority of the points fit the normal model • With the exception of several points that only slightly fit the model • Roughly linear

  5. Graphical Display • Females • Shape: right skewed with one outlier • Center: • Median: 16 • Spread: • Range (with outlier): 31 • Range (without outlier): 26 • Q1: 13 • Q3: 22 • Males • Shape: left skewed with no outliers • Center: • Median: 14 • Spread: • Range: 23 • Q1: 6 • Q3: 17

  6. Graphical Display • Sports (Yes) • Shape: approximately normal with three outliers • Center: • Median: 14 • Spread: • Range: 32 • Q1: 10 • Q3: 20 • Sports (No) • Shape: slightly right skewed • Center: • Median: 16 • Spread: • Range (with outliers): 35 • Range (without outliers): 16 • Q1: 13 • Q3: 18

  7. Graphical Display • A+M (recorder + dropper) • Shape: • (without outlier) approximately normal • (with outlier) Right Skewed • Center: • Median: 13.5 • Spread: • Range (with outlier): 35 • Range (with outlier): 21 • Q1: 7.5 • Q3: 16 • A+S • Shape: Right Skewed • Center: • Median: 16.5 • Spread: • Range: 23 • Q1: 14 • Q3: 22.5 • S+M • Shape: Left Skewed • Center: • Median: 17 • Spread: • Range : 23 • Q1: 12 • Q3: 18

  8. Marginal Tables • Out of the people that we experimented on, more played sports • Out of the people that we experimented on, there were more females

  9. Conditional Tables • 12 males play sports • 11 males do not play sports • The proportion of males who play sports is approximately equal to the proportion of males who do not play sports • 18 females play sports • 8 females do not play sports • The proportion of females who play sports is approximately double the proportion of females who do not play sports

  10. Two-Way Tables • 57.89% of people who do not play sports are male • 42.11% of people who do not play sports are female • 40% of people who do play sports are male • 60% of people who do play sports are female • 30.77% of females do not play sports • 69.23% of females play sports • 47.83% of males do not play sports • 52.17% of males do play sports

  11. Independence • Sports vs. Gender are dependent variables • Conditional graphs are different

  12. Independence State: SRS Categorical Data All expected counts >/= 5 Check: Assumed representative Gender and sport involvement are categorical variables All cell counts >/= 5 We fail to reject Ho because the p-value of 0.22 is > α = 0.05. We have sufficient evidence that gender and sport involvement are not independent.

  13. Bias/Sampling Errors/Lurking Variables • Phrasing of questions • Ex: Do you play sports? Vs. Do you play sports at South? • Two different people dropping the ruler • Ambidextrous people • Their hand position before catching • Injuries/health complications • Positioning of hand before they caught the ruler • Some people used more fingers • Some people spread their fingers apart • Misunderstanding of test procedure • Misunderstanding of questions being asked • Ex: Perception of ‘sport’ Sampling Errors/Lurking Variables Participant Bias

  14. Conclusion • Females (generally) have slower reaction times compared to males • People who play sports usually have faster reaction times • When April and Michelle conducted the research, there were high levels of variability • Sufficient evidence that gender and sports are dependent • Future Plans • More tests (greater population) • Non-statistics students • Test of age to see if it has an affect on reaction rates

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