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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology. By: Bushra Qureshi. What is nanotechnology?. Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale which are smaller than 100 nanometers.

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Nanotechnology

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  1. Nanotechnology By: Bushra Qureshi

  2. What is nanotechnology? • Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale which are smaller than 100 nanometers. • It is the construction items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products.

  3. A nanometer (nm) is one billionth of a meter. • The width of an average hair is 100,000 nanometers. • Human blood cells are 2,000 to 5,000 nm long. • A strand of DNA has a diameter of 2.5 nm.

  4. Carbon Nanotubes • Long, thin, cylindrical nanostructures which are allotropes of carbon. • They are hexagonal lattices of graphite rolled with ends covered by half a fullerene molecule. • There are Two types: • Single Wall Nanotube • Multi Wall Nanotube

  5. Single Wall • Zigzag: rolled up graphite sheet • Armchair: graphene sheet rolled in a 30 degree chiral angle • Chiral Vector: rolled up Graphite sheet at an angle at the axis of the nanotube

  6. Multi Wall • Torus: bent carbon nanotubes that have magnetic moments and thermal stability. • Nanobud: Combined carbon nanotubesand fullerenes which are covalently bonded to the outer sidewall; they are field emitters. • Cup-stacked: stacked graphene layers that behave as metallic conductors of electron.

  7. Properties • Strength: nanotubes are strong, hard and stiff from the covalent bonds formed between the carbon atoms. • Kinetic: The inner nanotubes slide using almost no friction within the outer shell, which creates a linear or rotational bearing. • Electrical: The unique symmetry of the electronic structure makes it a semiconductor. • Thermal: Because they exhibit ballistic conduction they are excellent conductors.

  8. Applications • Nanotechnology is useful in: • Security • Sensors • Communication • Environment • Renewable Energy • Remediation • Medicine • Detection and Diagnosis • Regeneration • Treatment • Food • Antimicrobial Packaging • Brand Protection • Pesticide Reduction

  9. Security • Sensors: • In order to protect biological and chemical threats, nanosensors are used to detect radioactive materials or toxins at the molecular and atomic level. • In public water systems, sensors can test and detect small amounts of contaminations. • Communication • To protect computers and networks from attack, transistor- like nanoscale devices are integrated into the systems, making it impossible to crack the system.

  10. Environment • Renewable Energy • Development of solar panel to collect excessive energy and convert it to hydrogen and then store it. • Remediation • To clean up environmental problems, nanoparticles detoxify many contaminants and sense mercury vapor in the air.

  11. Medicine • Detection and Diagnosis: • Working at the nanoscale can lead to the development of tools to detect multiple life threatening diseases before it overwhelms the body. • Regeneration: • Using nanotechnology to make a gel that initiates the the growth of nerve cells that are lost or damaged. • To prevent body from rejecting artificial parts and stimulate the growth of bones and tissues. • Treatment: • Nanoscale drug carries which recognize diseased tissues and release the drug needed • Enter damaged ells and release enzymes causing them to self destruct or repair cell.

  12. Food • Antimicrobial Packaging: • Edible food films kills bacteria and detects the presence of E. Coli bacteria. Nano-enhanced barriers keeps food fresher • Brand Protection: • Nanobarcodes used to tag products and trace outbreaks. • Pesticide Reduction: • Nanofibers release pesticides to eliminate additional spray and chemicals which can leak in the water supply

  13. Benefits • Reduce water shortages • Reduction of infectious disease • Improve prices of electronic devices • Conserve energy • Protect environment • Improve medical research and health care

  14. Dangers • Overuse of products could damage environment • Nanotech weapons could lead to a dangerous arms race • Introduction of new products can disrupt society • Criminals and terrorist can misuse the technology • Economic oppression from inflated prices • Economic disruption from cheap products • Cheap replication of products

  15. Bibliography • http://cache0.techcrunch.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/nanotech-480.jpg • http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm • http://www.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology.htm • http://www.discovernano.northwestern.edu/affect/applications_content/medicine/treatment • http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/ntproperties/ • http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/staff/taner/nanotube/types.html • http://www.arkema.com/sites/group/en/products/spotlight/nanotubes1.page • http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/id1561_2.jpg • http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/02/24/top-10-uses-of-nanotechnology-in-food/ • http://www.crnano.org/dangers.htm • http://rgrstatic1.tangentlabs.co.uk/images/bau/97808050/9780805014853/0/0/plain/thats-all-folks-the-art-of-the-warner-brothers-animation.jpg • http://farm1.static.flickr.com/60/201007926_a74c2c11b1.jpg • http://www.slashgear.com/gallery/data_files/7/4/thumbnails_150x100/thumb_fly.gif

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