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Chapter 4

Chapter 4 . Tissues and Membranes. Tissues . Tissues are groups of cells Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue. Epithelial Tissue Covering and Lining. Squamous epithelial cells Cuboidal epithelial cells Columnar epithelial cells.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Tissues and Membranes

  2. Tissues • Tissues are groups of cells • Epithelial tissue • Connective tissue • Muscle tissue • Nervous tissue

  3. Epithelial TissueCovering and Lining • Squamous epithelial cells • Cuboidal epithelial cells • Columnar epithelial cells

  4. Epithelial TissueGlandular and Secretory • Endocrine gland cells • Exocrine gland cells

  5. Animation – Exocrine and Endocrine Glands Click Here to play Exocrine and Endocrine animation

  6. Connective Tissue Adipose • Stores lipid • Acts as filler tissue • Cushions, supports, and insulates the body

  7. Connective Tissue Areolar (Loose) • Elastin tissue • Collagen

  8. Connective Tissue Dense Fibrous • Ligaments • Tendons • Aponeuroses • Fasciae

  9. Connective Tissue Supportive • Osseous (bone) tissue • Cartilage • Hyaline • Fibrocartilage • Elastic cartilage

  10. Connective Tissue Vascular (liquid blood tissue) • Blood • Lymph

  11. Muscle Tissue • Cardiac • Skeletal (striated voluntary) • Smooth (nonstriated involuntary)

  12. Nervous Tissue • Irritability • Conductivity

  13. Effects of Aging on Tissue • Cells become larger and less able to divide and reproduce • Increase in pigments and lipids inside cell • Waste products accumulate in the tissue • Cell membranes change and carbon dioxide and wastes have difficulty getting out

  14. Effects of Aging on Tissue • Lipofusion collects • Connective tissue becomes progressively stiff • Increased difficulty receiving oxygen and nutrients • Many tissues lose mass and atrophy

  15. Membranes • Two thin layers of tissue together form a membrane • Epithelial membranes • Connective membranes

  16. Epithelial Membranes • Mucous membranes • Respiratory mucosa • Gastric mucosa • Intestinal mucosa

  17. Epithelial Membranes • Serous membranes (parietal and visceral) • Pleural membrane • Pericardial membrane • Peritoneal membrane • Cutaneous membranes

  18. Connective Membranes • Synovial membrane • Two layers of connective tissue • Lines joint cavities • Secrete synovial fluid which prevents friction inside the joint cavity

  19. Organs • An organ is tissues grouped together to form a specific function • Organs coordinate their activities to form a complete functional organism • Organ system • Group of organs that act together to perform a specific, related function

  20. Organ Systems • Skeletal • Muscular • Digestive • Respiratory • Circulatory

  21. Organ Systems • Excretory • Nervous • Endocrine • Reproductive • Integumentary

  22. Tissue and Organ Transplant • Blood transfusions are an example of a tissue transplant • All transplants (tissue and organs) must be cross-matched so recipient’s immune system won’t attack the donated organ • Rejection is main problem in organ transplants

  23. Disease and Injury to Tissue • Infection • Inflammation • Trauma • Abnormal growth of cells • Birth defects

  24. Tissue Repair • Primary repair • Secondary repair

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