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Enhancement of tensile strength and biodegradation resistance of jute

This study focuses on the enhancement of the tensile strength and biodegradation resistance of jute through a non-hazardous and cost-effective chemical treatment process. The process involves the use of a phenol-formaldehyde resin and a vegetable oil emulsion, resulting in improved durability and service life of jute geotextiles. Laboratory and field trials have shown promising results.

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Enhancement of tensile strength and biodegradation resistance of jute

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  1. Enhancement of tensile strength and biodegradation resistance of jute Debasis Roy, Prosenjit Saha, Suvendu Manna Materials Science Centre IIT Kharagpur

  2. Reagent preparation • Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin • Vegetable oil emulsion • Alkaline surfactant

  3. Treatment

  4. Geotextiles manufacture

  5. Treated geotextiles

  6. Geotextiles specifications

  7. Mechanical properties: Geotextiles

  8. Short and long term water absorption of geotextiles

  9. Durability: Geotextiles • Soil burial (IS: 1623, 1992): • Soil burial test: 31° C, 90 % rel. hum., soil : fiber :: 100 : 1 (w:w), soil water cont. 30% • Regular changes of soil compost to supply fresh nutrient • Saline exposure: • Periodic exposure to 30 ppt NaCl saline solution • Physical weathering, AAW (ASTM D-4355:07): • 500 h exposure to UV light and cyclic water spray • pH exposure: • Dipping of samples to the solution with pH ranges from 3 to 10 for prolonged days

  10. Durability: Geotex…

  11. Durability in pH exposure: Geotex…

  12. Effect of biodegradation in soil burial

  13. Effect of physical weathering

  14. Service life estimation: From AAW • From AAW results the service lives for geotextiles were estimated • Data from AAW were fitted with the equation • Y= Axexp(bt), where Y is the narrow strip tensile strength at time t, A, b are constant. • Half life was estimated by calculating time of exposure to reach the 50% strength of initial strength by best-fit relationship (Koerner et al., 2005) • Total AAW UV irradiation was scaled with total yearly UV irradiation in Kolkata (Wypych, 2003)

  15. Service life estimation: From biodegradation… • Laboratory based compost environment is more severe than typical outdoor environment • Untreated geotextile degrades within 90 days in laboratory while in outer environment it lasts for 18-21 months • Laboratory results were scaled up with factor of 8 with outer environmental results • Hence laboratory based half life was scaled up by 8 times to simulate environmental half life

  16. Life expectancy of geotextiles

  17. Industrial trial

  18. Field trials

  19. Field trials

  20. Field trials

  21. Summary and Conclusions • A non-hazardous, non-expensive chemical treatment process has been developed for enhancing hydrophobicity, tensile strength and resistance to biological, chemical and physical degradation of jute • An alkaline solvent free emulsion of neem oil and mostly plant based phenolic resin were used for fiber treatment • Vegetable oil was found to transesterify the cellulose chain of jute

  22. Summary and Conclusions… • After degradation study long term tensile strength retention for treated fabrics was found remarkably higher than that of untreated fabric • Developed treatment process was applied to manufacture industrial textile such as jute geotextile within an industrial set up of a jute mill • The feasibility of proposed treatment process was found satisfactory • The process was found to enhance service life of treated geotextiles upto 3-4 times compared to untreated geotextiles without compromising strength, porometry and flexibility of the textiles

  23. THANK YOU

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