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Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification

Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification. +. Agenda. - Why Radio Resource Measurement now? 802.11 Existing Measurement Approach Proposed 11k Approach Requirements Issues Futures Conclusions. Military Communications Needs. Connectivity. Space Layer :. Airborne

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Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification

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  1. Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification + Richard Paine, Boeing

  2. Agenda • - Why Radio Resource Measurement now? • 802.11 Existing Measurement Approach • Proposed 11k Approach • Requirements • Issues • Futures • Conclusions Richard Paine, Boeing

  3. Military Communications Needs Connectivity Space Layer: Airborne Layer: Maneuver Layer: WIN-T WIN-T Tactical Tactical Sensors Unattended Ground Layer: Munitions Robotics • Assured CommunicationsAnywherein the World Without Fixed Infrastructure andZero Setup Time Richard Paine, Boeing

  4. Connexion by BoeingSM Connexion by Boeing People working together To revolutionize the way we work, communicate, entertain ourselves and relax while mobile. Richard Paine, Boeing

  5. Connexion by BoeingSM • Onboard Wireless LAN connects passengers to Connexion offboard service • Certified usage of passenger wireless devices during BA & DLH trials in the first half of 2003 • Full-scale launch of service in April 2004 Richard Paine, Boeing

  6. 787 Richard Paine, Boeing

  7. Flight Test Richard Paine, Boeing

  8. Static Spectrum Management is Limited in Its Ability to Improve Spectrum Utilization Efficiencies Future Allocation & Utilization • Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization • Opportunities Exist in Time, Frequency, and Geography • RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy • Allocations, Assignments, and Incumbents Vary by Country Heavy Use Heavy Use Sparse Use Medium Use • Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse Activity • Temporal Usage Characteristics Vary by Band & Service • Potential for Usage Dependent on Incumbent Service & Equipment Richard Paine, Boeing

  9. What is the XG Program? • Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum • Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20) • Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate systems RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically XG Systems Will Opportunistically Utilize Unoccupied Spectrum in Time, Space, and Frequency Richard Paine, Boeing

  10. Key Technologies • Develop Both the Enabling Technology and the System Concepts to Dynamically Use Spectrum Richard Paine, Boeing

  11. RRM Extension Options • RRM blue stars show the location of RRM extensions, though RRM pink stars are remotely possible. • RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs. SME RRM Applications (outside 802.11) MAC SAP MAC MLME RRM MLME SAP RRM PHY SAP PLME SAP PLCP PLME RRM PLME SAP RRM PMD SAP PMD RRM Richard Paine, Boeing

  12. 11k Scope This Task Group will define Radio Resource Measurement enhancements to provide mechanisms to higher layers for radio and network measurements. Richard Paine, Boeing

  13. Theorertical support datarate Relationship of RCPI, Operating Point, Sensitivity, SNR Received Channel Power Operating Margin Minimum Operating Point Multipath observed Impairment input SNR Rx Sensitivity Rx Implementation Loss Actual minimum Theoretical Operating Point input SNR needed to Rx Input Signal needed to support datarate Rx Input Noise & Interference Channel Noise & Interference dBm Rx Equivalent Input Noise Noise Figure Thermal Noise Floor (-101.5 dBm) Richard Paine, Boeing

  14. SME SME Measurement Policy MeasurementPolicy Channel Switch Decision MREQUEST /MREPORT MREQUEST /MREPORT CHANNEL SWITCH MEASURE MLME MLME Channel Switch Timing Measurement Processing Measurement Frames Measurement Frames MAC Timing PLME TGh layer management model • Extract from 802.11h-D2.1.32, which addresses some measurement extensions for DFS and TPC. Figure 26 – Layer Management Model Richard Paine, Boeing

  15. 11h SME PLME MLME Channel Switch Decision Channel Switch Timing MAC Timing CHANNEL SWITCH Measurement Processing MEASURE Measurement Policy Measurement Frames MREQUEST /MREPORT MREQUEST /MREPORT SME MLME Measurement Frames MeasurementPolicy Richard Paine, Boeing

  16. WLAN Context Transfer Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc) 802.11 Context Transfer Packet Richard Paine, Boeing

  17. WLAN Context Transfer Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc) 802.11 Context Transfer Packet Richard Paine, Boeing

  18. WLAN Context Transfer Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc) 802.11 Context Transfer Packet Richard Paine, Boeing

  19. WLAN Context Transfer Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc) 802.11 Context Transfer Packet Richard Paine, Boeing

  20. WLAN Context Transfer Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc) 802.11 Context Transfer Packet Richard Paine, Boeing

  21. AP Measurements Context Blob 802.11h Request For Info or Context Blob 10/100BaseT AP1 STA1 AP Table Per STA Table Processor Certs Pre-auth User CIM Schema QoS Context Blob Richard Paine, Boeing

  22. Card Measurements AP1 STA1 Richard Paine, Boeing

  23. RRM Big Picture Application Users of Radio Information Upper Layers Presentation Session Users of Radio Information Transport Users of Radio Information IP Users of Radio Information Interface to Upper Layers MAC Radio Information MAC MAC and PHY Layers PHY Radio Information PHY Richard Paine, Boeing

  24. RRM Extension Options • RRM blue stars show the likely location of RRM extensions, though RRM pink stars are (remotely) possible. • RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs. SME RRM Applications (outside 802.11) MAC SAP MAC MLME RRM MLME SAP RRM PHY SAP PLME SAP PLCP PLME RRM PLME SAP RRM PMD SAP PMD RRM Richard Paine, Boeing

  25. AP1 STA1 RRM MAC/PHY Interchanges Frame Report Report Request Reports NDIS SME MAC SAP MAC MLME 11h Get Linux MLME SAP RPE Histogram Req-Air PHY SAP PLME SAP PLCP PLME PLME SAP Get CCA CCA MGT PMD SAP PMD REQUESTS REPORTS Mgt Frames Beacon on Setup Richard Paine, Boeing

  26. AP1 AP1 AP1 AP1 AP1 AP1 STA1 STA1 STA1 STA1 STA1 STA1 MLME MLME MLME MLME MAC MAC MAC MAC PLCP PLCP PLCP PLCP PLME PLME PLME PLME PMD PMD PMD PMD MAC/PHY Context 802.11f Context Blob 802.11h Request for Information SME SME MLME MAC MLME MAC PLCP PLCP PLME PLME PMD PMD AP STA AP STA 802.11h Request for Information SME SME SME SME STA1 STA2 STA3 STA4 Richard Paine, Boeing

  27. MIBs – current • 802.11 • Basic measurements & configuration for STA • Widely implemented in APs • Very simple monitoring of global AP statistics • 802.1x • Detailed auth state for individual 1x ports • Also some per port statistics • Not widely implemented in access points today • Bridge MIB • Possible to get some info on which STAs are associated with an AP • Implemented in some APs • Not 802.11 specific, little MAC, and no PHY statistics Richard Paine, Boeing

  28. Work from Other TGs • 802.11d • dot11CountryString • TGe • dot11AssociatedStationCount • dot11ChannelUtilization • dot11FrameLossRate • TGi • Write only key access, & IV status • TGh • Configuration, but no status, monitoring or statistics!!! Richard Paine, Boeing

  29. Purpose of Additions • Enable better diagnostics of problems • Using info that is easy and cheap to gather • Enable better frequency planning, optimize network performance • Enable automatic frequency planning • Enable new services • Location based services • Voice Over IP (VOIP) Richard Paine, Boeing

  30. Diagnostics • Interference from non 802.11 sources • Interference from other 802.11 networks • Interference from other APs within same ESS • Interference from other APs within different ESSs Richard Paine, Boeing

  31. Added Station Table to MIB • Station table is list of wireless STAs an AP knows about • Also applicable to IBSS • Currently implemented by many APs, as proprietary MIB/telnet/web interface Richard Paine, Boeing

  32. Stations Listed in Table • Only wireless stations listed • Stations that have communicated with this STA • Authenticating stations • Authenticated stations • Associated stations • WDS links • Wireless stations known about through DS only (e.g. pre-auth) Richard Paine, Boeing

  33. Stations communicated with • Table includes all stations a station has received any frames from • For each station expose full state of communication with that station • Pre RSN authentication state • 802.1x port ID • Further auth info can be found from 802.1x MIB • Association state • Detailed link statistics Richard Paine, Boeing

  34. Link Statistics • dot11MACStatistics • Counts of • MSDUs/MPDUs received/transmitted • Channel utilization in rx & tx direction • Measured as total μs • Data rate & modulation of last rx and tx • RSNI, RCPI, and signal quality in legacy RSSI • Link margin as seen by other station • Available for 11h stations (undefined in specification) • Either use recent measurement report, or request report for each SNMP request Richard Paine, Boeing

  35. Add MAC Statistics to MIB • Channel utilization from TGe • Total associated stations • Total authenticated stations • Optional events to notify mgmt station of authentication and association events • Current MIB sends TRAPS on assoc/auth failures Richard Paine, Boeing

  36. Events to Report • Allow all events to be configurable as • Not reported • Reported as TRAP (unreliable) • Reported as INFORM (reliable) • Default configuration should give same events as current 802.11 MIB • Report all pre RSN auth/deauth events • Report all association/deassocation events Richard Paine, Boeing

  37. Requirements Categories • Data, Voice, Video • Data – QoS, wireless net (a, b, g, h) • Voice – RSSI, RCPI, RSNI, Delay, Jitter, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) • Video – RSSI, RCPI, RSNI, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) • Diagnostics (non-802.11, 802.11, other APs) • Access Point Table • Station Table (BSS and IBSS) • Link stats (counts, data rates, RSSI, link margin) • MAC Statistics (channel utilization, total stations, events) • Events (auth, deauth, associate, deassociate, current MIB) • Coexistence Measurements • Retries • Clear Channel Assessment Richard Paine, Boeing

  38. Technical Topics • MIBs • Signal Strength • Standardizing RSSI (RCPI) • Real Time Parameters • Real Time Issues • Retries • Measuring Transmission Speeds • Measuring Throughput in WLANs • VOIP Radio Resource Issues • Video Radio Resource Issues • Additional Information needed in the MIBs (802.1x, 802.11, 802.1p) • Diagnostics Needed for Effective Mgt of WLANs Richard Paine, Boeing

  39. Goal of Radio Measurement: • Initial deployment • Enable some degree of automatic radio configuration • Network expansion • Enable some degree of automatic radio reconfiguration • Enable Radio Aware Performance (monitoring, roaming, handoff) • Provide information to monitor radio performance and fix problems • Facilitate better roaming Richard Paine, Boeing

  40. Define Radio Configuration: • A set of 802.11 parameter values, individualized for each BSS in a WLAN, that determine WLAN radio performance Including, but not limited to: • BSS channel/Regulatory Class • AP transmit power • Client transmit power limit Richard Paine, Boeing

  41. What will radio measurements allow us to do? • Simplify and/or automate WLAN radio configuration • Achieve better performance in dense BSS deployments • Better utilize radio resources across client stations • Alert WLAN administrator to problems • Notify client station applications of current radio status, channel status and status of adjacent BSSs on alternate channels • Each company uses measurements to add value Richard Paine, Boeing

  42. What did we measure? • Attributes that characterize the WLAN radio environment on all channels • Attributes that affect or reflect WLAN radio performance on all channels • Attributes that are not manufacturer specific • Define the simplest, smallest set of measurements required Richard Paine, Boeing

  43. Two Categories of RM • Statistical Measurements characterize the radio environment in a long-term statistical sense. For example, • Measure 802.11 traffic load as channel busy fraction1 and CSMA access delay • Measure non-802.11 noise & interference as received power histogram1 • Identity Measurements identify stations that affect each other’s performance. For example, • Identify each neighbor AP by measuring its beacon (MAC address) • Identify each neighbor STA and its serving AP in a similar manner • Identify hidden STA when receiving frames to STAs without receiving corresponding ACK • 1: these measurements are already in 802.11h specification Richard Paine, Boeing

  44. What changes are needed in all stas? • Wireless MAC message protocol • Built on 802.11h mechanisms and measurement frames • Added RRM capability bit and RRM action frame type • Augmented 802.11h measurements with new requests/reports • MAC firmware • Handle new management frames in the wireless MAC protocol • Compute measurement payloads from PHY registers and traffic • Log Measurement Requests/Reports in MIB Richard Paine, Boeing

  45. What additional changes are needed in access points? • Process measurement requests from external entity • Translate external request into measurement action at AP radio • Translate request into action frame and send to client stations • Perform these actions at periodic interval, if requested • Accumulate, store and/or report measurements • Measurements taken at the AP radio • Measurements reported by client stations • Method of conveyance is a separate discussion • Log Measurement Requests/Reports in MIB Richard Paine, Boeing

  46. 11k Requests • Measurement Request Element • Beacon Request • Channel Load Request • Frame Request • Noise Histogram Request • STA Statistics Request • Location Configuration Indication (LCI) Request • QoS Metrics Request (for QOS streams) Richard Paine, Boeing

  47. 11k Reports Measurement Report Element Beacon Report Frame Report Channel Load Report Noise Histogram Report Location Configuration Indication (LCI) Report STA Statistics Report QoS Metrics Report (for QOS streams) Richard Paine, Boeing

  48. 11k Other AP Channel Report, Channel Load, Access Delay and Available AdmissionCapacity in beacons Neighbor Request/Report frames (lists APs in neighborhood) Link Measurement Request/Report frames (quick link test) Location Richard Paine, Boeing

  49. What should not change at any station? • Wireless MAC control frames and procedures • Wireless MAC data frames and procedures • Any hardware, including MAC and PHY Richard Paine, Boeing

  50. Static Spectrum Management is Limited in Its Ability to Improve Spectrum Utilization Efficiencies Future Allocation & Utilization • Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization • Opportunities Exist in Time, Frequency, and Geography • RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy • Allocations, Assignments, and Incumbents Vary by Country Heavy Use Heavy Use Sparse Use Medium Use • Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse Activity • Temporal Usage Characteristics Vary by Band & Service • Potential for Usage Dependent on Incumbent Service & Equipment Richard Paine, Boeing

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