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Social Psychology

Social Psychology. What influences us. Social Psychology. Scientific study of how a person’s behavior, thoughts and feelings are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. Social Influence.

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Social Psychology

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  1. Social Psychology What influences us

  2. Social Psychology • Scientific study of how a person’s behavior, thoughts and feelings are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others

  3. Social Influence • The real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual • Can occur even when a person may not want to go along with the group • Even in the presence of others

  4. Conformity • Changing one’s own behavior to match others • Asch’s study • Seven participants in a room • Told study on visual judgment • Only one real participant • Others were told to pick same wrong answer

  5. What happened? • The person gave the same wrong answer • An experiment in America now might not get the same results as in 1950’s • Other cultures might still conform • Hong Kong • Japan • Online experiment and the cultural different disappears

  6. Groupthink • When people of a group find group cohesiveness more important than considering the facts • War on Iraq • Titanic • Challenger • Why would group think occur? • Group can do no wrong • Stereotyped views of those that disagree • Exert pressure

  7. Compliance • Occurs when people change their behavior as a result of the influence of another person or group • Consumer Psychology • How to get people to buy what you are selling • Techniques • Foot in the Door • Door in the Face • Lowball • That’s not All

  8. Obedience • Changing your behavior at the command of an authority figure • Police officer • Teacher • Work supervisor • Military officer • How far would you go to obey?

  9. Milgram’s Experiment • Placed add in paper to recruit people • Told they were to test the effects of punishment on learned behavior • Participants believed that they had been randomly assigned to either the • Teacher, which is where they were all put • Learner, had a script to follow with each jolt

  10. Milgram’s what happened? • Many professionals believed the person would not go over 150 • 65% went all the way to the final 450 volt shock level • None quite before reaching 300 volts • Retesting in US and other countries concluded the same results

  11. Milgram, Why • Those that wen to 450 showed no personality traits to have high levels of obedience • Should this type of experiment even be done? • Cause self esteem issues with volunteers • Psychological stress

  12. Group Behavior • Group polarization • Members take a more extreme position than they would as individuals • Social Facilitation • Presence of others to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task • Social Impairment • Negative impact • Social Loafing • Person puts in less effort when working with others

  13. Social Cognition • The way people think about other people and how those cognitions influence behavior toward those other people • First Impressions • How we perceive others • How we explain the behavior of others

  14. ABC’s of Attitudes • Attitude is a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea or situation • You are not born with attitudes, they are learned in the environment that you grow up in • We may make up our minds before even trying something new

  15. Components of Attitude • Affective Component • Affect means emotions feelings • How you might feel about certain music, movies • Behavior Component • Action that you might take in regard to the person, object, or situation • Buy certain music, go to movies you like • Cognitive Component • way you think about yourself, an object or an event. Including beliefs and ideas • You might think the music you like is better than any other

  16. Attitude Formation • Learning, we learn our attitudes • Direct contact with the object, person, or situation • Direct instruction by a parent or another individual • Interaction with others, we may be influenced by who we spend time with • Vicarious Conditioning (observational learning) we may learn our attitudes by watching others in our lives, in the media, in books, at school

  17. Attitude Change • The art of persuasion • What does it take to change your attitude?

  18. Cognitive Dissonance • When we have a sense of discomfort when our behavior and beliefs do not match • When we do something against who we really are • How to fix it • Change our behavior • Change cognition to justify behavior • Form new cognitions to justify behavior

  19. Social Categorization • Assignment of a person to a category based on characteristics the person has in common with other people you have experienced in the past • Stereotypes are when the person is categorized superficially, when it is believed all people who look like that must be…

  20. Attribution • Explaining own behavior and the behavior of others • Situational cause, external factors, such as delays, the actions of others, or some other aspect of the situation • Dispositional cause, internal factors, such as personality or character

  21. Prejudice and Discrimination • Prejudice is holding an unsupportive and often negative attitude about member of a particular social group • Discrimination is treating people differently because of the prejudice toward the social group to which they belong

  22. Brown Eyes vs. Blue Eyes • Small town in Iowa in 1968 two days after the assassination of Dr Martin Luther King • See how the kids had discrimination/prejudice in them already • How quick the blue eyed kids fell into their “role” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG1v6g7TPX4

  23. Ben Wilson • Played for Simeon Voc HS in Chicago • First Chicago basketball player to be named the top high school basketball player in the country • November 20, 1984, Wilson was shot • Family sued hospital for projected earning $10 Million dollars

  24. How do we learn it? • Social identity theory • We view ourselves as part of a certain group • We categorize others into certain groups • We compare ourselves to other groups, mostly in a better way • Stereotype vulnerability • Person’s awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group

  25. How do we overcome it? • Education!!! • Learn about others different than yourself • Have contact with other cultures, colleges are a great way to have intergroup contact, no one is an outsider

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