Situation Awareness Pre-Deployment Briefing CDC /PHPR/DEO/SA Section

1. Situation Awareness Pre-Deployment Briefing CDC /PHPR/DEO/SA Section

2. CHAD The national flag of the Republic of Chad is a vertical tricolor design based on the flags of Romania, Andorra, Moldova and the Queen’s University. SYMBOLISM OF THE COLORS IN THE FLAG: BLUE - the sky, hope, and water. YELLOW - the sun and the desert to the north RED - progress, unity, sacrifice, and the blood shed for independence. The flag was adopted and retained on independence in 1960, and in the constitution of 1962. Despite many political upheavals within Chad since independence, the flag has not been changed.

3. SA Section Map Products

4. N’Djamena , CHAD http://maps.google.com/

5. CHAD Profile • People : • Population (2009 census): 11.2 million. • Annual population growth rate (2010 est.): 2.6%. • Density (2010 est.): 8.9 people per sq. km. • Ethnic groups: 200 distinct groups. • In the north and center, Gorane (sub-groups are Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Arabs, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim. • In the south, Sara (including major subgroups--Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moudang, Moussei, and Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist. Approximately 1,000 French citizens live in Chad. • Religions: Muslim 53%, Christian 34%, animist 10%. • Languages: French and Arabic (official); Sara (in the south), more than 120 indigenous Chadian languages and dialects.

6. CHAD Profile • Government : • Type: RepublicIndependence: August 11, 1960 (from France). • Branches: • Executive--president (head of state), prime minister, Council of State. • Legislative--National Assembly (unicameral). • Judicial--Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; criminal courts; magistrate courts. • Political parties: The Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) is dominant. • Nearly 30 other parties also won seats in 2011 legislative elections.Suffrage: Universal over 18. • Administrative subdivisions: 22 regions. • National holiday: Independence Day, August 11

7. CHAD Profile • Economy : • Population living below national poverty line (2008 est.): 55%. • Trade: • Exports--U.S. $2.9 billion - petroleum products (nearly 96% of exports),cotton, livestock, gum arabic. • Major markets--United States, Nigeria, France, Cameroon, Portugal, Germany, Thailand, Costa Rica, South Africa. • Imports--U.S. $4.8 billion (2009 est., nominal): petroleum products, machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, industrial goods, textiles. • Major suppliers (2004): U.S., France, Cameroon, Nigeria. • Central government budget (2010): • Revenues: U.S. $2.06 billion. • Expenditures: U.S. $2.4 billion.

8. CHAD Profile • History: • Chad has been known to traders and geographers since the late Middle Ages. • Since then, Chad has served as a crossroads for the Muslim peoples of the desert and sahelianregions, and the animist African tribes of the savanna regions to the south. • The former developed coherent political entities that became the powerful kingdomsofKanem-Bornu, Baguirmi, and Ouaddai, controlling much of northern and central Chad as well as parts of Nigeria and Sudan. • The southern regions were much less politically developed and remained splintered into small, local, tribal chiefdoms. • Contact between the two regions was dominated by regular raids conducted by Muslims into the non-Muslim south to secure slaves for their own use and for trade intoNorthAfrica and the Middle East.

9. CHAD Profile • HEALTH: • In 1987 Chad had 4 hospitals, 44 smaller health centers, 1 UNICEF clinic, and 239 other clinics—half under religious auspices. • Many regional hospitals were damaged or destroyed in fighting, and health services barely existed in 1987. • Public health care expenditures were estimated at 2.9% of GDP. • As of 2004, it was estimated that there were fewer than 3 physicians, 15 nurses, and 2 midwives per 100,000 people. • Endemic diseases: • All medicine, antibiotic, and vaccine imports must be authorized by the Ministry of Health. The most common diseases are schistosomiasis, leprosy, malaria, spinal meningitis, tuberculosis, and yaws, as well as malnutrition. • Immunization rates in 1999 were very low for children up to one year of age: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, 21 percent, and measles, 30 percent. • In 2000, 27 percent of the population had access to safe drinking water and 29 percent had adequate sanitation. (Source: Wikipedia – Chad)

10. CHAD Profile • Humanitarian Situation in CHAD: • According to the United Nations, Chad has been affected by a humanitarian crisis since at least 2001 • As of 2008, the country of Chad hosts • over 280,000 refugees from the Sudan's Darfurregion • over 55,000 from the Central African Republic • as well as over 170,000 internally displaced persons • Since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad • 2005 estimates place Chad's population at 10,146,000; 25.8% live in urban areas and 74.8% in rural ones • The country's population is young: an estimated 47.3% is under 15 • The birth rate is estimated at 42.35 births per 1,000 people • The mortality rate at 16.69 • The life expectancy is 47.2 years • Sources: Wikipedia

11. Chad President: Idriss Deby Itno • Déby was born in Fada as the son of a herder. • After finishing school he entered the Officers' School in N’Djamena , and after that, sent to France for training, returning to Chad in 1976 with a professional pilot certificate. • In 1982 Déby was made Commander-in-Chief of the Army. • He distinguished himself in 1984 by destroying pro-Libyan forces in Eastern Chad. • In 1985 Habré removed him from his post and sent him to Paris to follow a course at the Ecole de Guerre. • Upon his return he was made Chief Military Advisor to the Presidency. • In 1987 he confronted Libyan forces on the field, adopting tactics that inflicted heavy losses to enemy forces. • A rift emerged in 1989 between Habré and Déby over the increasing power of the Presidential Guard…

12. Chad President: Idriss Deby Itno • Habré accused Déby of preparing a coup d’etat, motivating Déby to flee to Libya. • According to Douglas Farah's article Harvard for Tyrants, Déby is an alumnus member of Muammar al-Gaddafi’s training center. • He moved to Sudan and formed the Patriotic Salvation Movement supported by Libya and Sudan, which started operations against Habré in October 1989. • He unleashed a decisive attack on 10 Nov 1990, and on 2 Dec 1990 Déby's troops marched unopposed into the capital, N’Djamena.

13. Chad Health Officials Sec of State to the Public Health: Mahamat Mamadou Addy Minister of Health : Toupta Boguena

14. Ndjamena, Chad Weather http://www.wunderground.com/

15. CHAD MEDIA SOURCES CHADIAN RADIO STATIONS: http://ndjamena.usembassy.gov/radio_stations.html CHADIAN ONLINE NEWS NEWS SOURCES: http://www.world-newspapers.com/chad.html CHADIAN ONLINE TV: http://www.africatv24.com/chad

16. Other Information Sources Ref CHAD • CDC Situation Awareness • http://emergency.cdc.gov/situationawareness/ • Deployment Maps • http://emergencydev.cdc.gov/situationawareness/polio/Deploymentmaps.asp • CDC Travel Information • http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/chad.htm • USAID • USAID Chad Resources • U.S. Embassy Chad • http://Chad.usembassy.gov/ • Wiki Travel Guide – Chad • http://wikitravel.org/en/Chad • Global Polio Eradication Initiative • http://www.polioeradication.org/

17. Situation Awareness Questions? Email eocreport@cdc.gov for Situation Awareness and mapping products