Urban Theory

1. Urban Theory

2. Burgess Model

3. Concentric Rings

4. Urban Transect

5. Hoyt Model

6. Central Business District (CBD) • As land values increase towards the city centre buildings become higher. It is cheaper to build upwards than across • Has the departmental shops, large offices, main railway and bus stations, many churches, pubs, clubs and cinemas and the town hall • The main roads head into the C.B.D. • C.B.D.s suffer from the worst traffic congestion

7. Inner-city • Old factories and houses are mixed in together as they were built when most people walked to work • Housing is usually terraced housing, in rows • There are often empty buildings, derelict land, vandalism, crime, poverty, unemployment and other social and economic problems • Recent changes have taken place in these areas; many high rise multi-storey residential blocks of flats have been built

8. Suburbs • Younger buildings than in the middle of the city • Cul-de-sacs (dead ends) slow down traffic to make the streets safer • More detached and semi-detached houses; as the land is less expensive people have gardens • Fewer factories than the inner city • More open space and parks • Many people travel from here to the city for work • Less pollution than the centre of the city

9. Rural-Urban Fringe • This is on the boundary of the town and country • As towns and cities expand, more countryside is being used for housing • Only possible as most houses now have at least one car • There are also out-of-town shopping centres and supermarkets