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The Road to WWII: Global Aggression and Appeasement

Explore the causes of WWII through global aggression, appeasement, & the failures of peace efforts. Understand why Allied leaders backed down & how Axis powers rose. Discover key events like the Munich Agreement, Spanish Civil War, and the formation of Axis Powers.

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The Road to WWII: Global Aggression and Appeasement

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  1. Causes ofWorld War II Global II

  2. Aggression, Appeasement, and War • Allied leaders wanted to avoid war  world peace “no more war” • Italy, Germany, Spain, and Japan glorified war and scorned peace

  3. Dictators Challenge World Peace • Japanese military leaders wanted an empire as powerful as the western powers. • Seized Manchuria in 1931 • Withdrew from League of Nations and continued to invade China

  4. Appeasement of Japan

  5. Italy Busts a Move • 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia • Mussolini used modern weapons to win • Tanks, machine guns, poison gas, and airplanes • League of Nations ordered sanctions (penalties) • No power to enforce the sanctions Appeasement of Italy

  6. Hitler Tests the Waters • Hitler built up military • Went against the Treaty of Versailles (stopped paying reparations) • Invaded the Rhineland • Appeasement-policy of giving in to demands of an aggressor to keep peace

  7. Appeasement of Germany

  8. Germany is on the Move • Invaded Austria to combine the two countries • Hitler scared anyone who opposed him in Austria a.k.a. “Anchluss”1938 • Western democracies stood down

  9. Czech Crisis..Munich Conference 1938 • Czechoslovakia was one of two democracies in Eastern Europe • Hitler wanted the 3 million Germans in western Czech to be given autonomy • Hitler made a deal with Britain and France that he would not invade anymore if they gave up the Sudetenland

  10. Munich Agreement 1938“Peace in our time…”???

  11. Hitler violates Munich Agreement

  12. Why Did Western Powers Back Down? • France was politically divided at home  needed British support • Britain didn’t want to confront Hitler • Thought Fascism was better than Soviet Communism • Great Depression hurt economies • Pacifism, opposition to all war Why Appeasement?

  13. Why didn’t the U.S. oppose Appeasement & enter WWII earlier? • 1939: U.S. Army ranked 16th in world behind Romania • May 1941: # of combat ready divisions (10-15,000 soldiers) • US = 1 • Germany = 208 • # of Military Aircraft in 1941 • US = 471 • Germany = 2,700 on Eastern Front alone • Tanks: • US = 200 • Germany = 3,500 on Eastern Front alone

  14. Spanish Civil War • Monarchy to Republic • Catholic Church and military ran the show • Revolt by peasants that forced the king to leave the throne • Hitler bombed Spain and helped Francisco Franco become the Fascist leader of Spain

  15. Axis Powers are formed • Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis 1936 • Agreed to fight Soviet Communism • Not interfere with each other’s expansion

  16. Nazi-Soviet Pact • 1939, Hitler makes a pact with Stalin • Not to fight against each other, divide up Poland • Germany gets guarantee of one-front war; USSR get land and time to rebuild its military • Germany invades Poland • Britain and France declare war on Germany

  17. Why War Began? • Axis Aggression • Need for raw materials encourages expansion • Western Appeasement • Failures of Treaty of Versailles - Revise the 1919 Peace Settlement

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