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Making The Peace

The devastating aftermath of World War I, exacerbated by a deadly pandemic, left a world torn apart by loss and destruction. Nations faced the challenges of reconstruction, war debts, and shifting alliances. The Treaty of Versailles, intended to bring peace, ended up being a contentious compromise that sowed seeds of future conflicts. The League of Nations, formed to prevent future wars, struggled without U.S. participation. The repercussions of the war reverberated across nations, leading to resentment, unrest, and a rise in isolationism.

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Making The Peace

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  1. Making The Peace

  2. The huge loss of life was made even worse in 1918 by a deadly pandemic (a spread of disease across a wide area)of influenza (20 million deaths in a few months) • From Russia to France, homes, farms, factories, and roads had been bombed into rubble; many homeless refugees

  3. Reconstruction costs and war debts would burden an already battered world • The Allies blamed he war on their defeated foes and insisted that they make reparations (payments for war damages)

  4. The War’s results • 8.5 million causalities • 21 million wounded • 338 billion in damage • 15-20 million civilian casualties • Millions impoverished • “A lost generation” • Disenchantment and disaffection with the world

  5. After the war, Allies dictate a harsh peace that left many nations feeling betrayed • U.S.-Wilson • Britain -George • France-Clemenceau

  6. DAVID LLOYD GEORGE

  7. GEORGES CLEMENCEAU

  8. WOODROW WILSON

  9. B. Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan-The 14 Points • Freedom of the seas • Democracy • No secret treaties • National self-determination • A League of Nations

  10. C. The goals of Britain and France at Versailles • Revenge on Germany • Regain lost territories • Recoup some of the economic losses • Prevent Germany from becoming strong again • Gain more territory

  11. The final treaty was a compromise that satisfied no one • Germany admits guilt for starting the war • Reparation payments to be made to Allies • Alsace-Lorraine returned to France

  12. German navy and air force disbanded • German army reduced in size • Rhineland demilitarized

  13. Austro-Hungarian Empire broken up-new independent states formed • Poland • Czechoslovakia • Yugoslavia • Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

  14. Ottomans retain control only of Turkey • Ottoman territories in Middle-east become British and French mandates

  15. A League of Nations formed • World Government • Article 10-nations agree to mutual protection against territorial aggrandizement • U.S. SENATE CHOOSES NOT TO RATIFY TREATY AND JOIN THE LEAGUE

  16. Treaty is a failure • Germany seethes with resentment/unrest • German hostility towards U.S. “Stab in the Back” • New European States weak • Colonial peoples’ disappointment • Weaknesses of the League • No U.S. • No enforcement provisions

  17. League is weak and ineffectual without U.S. • U.S. retreats into isolationism

  18. What’s Next?

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