Need for Energy

1. Need for Energy SQA Questions

2. Need for energy WYSK nput ood utput sed • Energy i____ = total energy of all f____ eaten • Energy o____ = total energy u____ by the body • Energy is used in e.g. m________, making h____ • If energy input is g_______ than output the body will g____ weight • If energy input is l______ than energy output the body will l_____ weight • Extraenergy is s_____ as f___. ovement eat reater ain ess ose tored at

3. Gas exchange WYSK xygen bsorbed • In breathing, o______ gas is a________ and c_______ dioxide is released • Air passes down the t_____ which divides into two b______, one goes to each l____. • Each bronchus divides many times into b_________ which take air deep into l____. The bronchioles end in a number of thin walled a___ s____. • The air sacs are covered with a n_______ of b______ c__________ arbon rachea ung ronchi ronchioles ung ir acs etwork lood apillaries

4. Lungs 1 trachea bronchi 8 bronchioles 7 2 ribs lungs 6 3 lungs ribs 5 diaphragm 4

5. Breathing CREDIT ontract • During inhalation • intercostal muscles c___________ the ribcage moves u__ and o__. The diaphragmcontracts and moves d_____. In the chest, volume i_________ and p________ decreases. • Air moves i____ the lungs • During exhalation • intercostal muscles r_______the ribcage moves d_____ and ___. The diaphragm relaxes and moves u___. In the chest, volume d_________ and pressure i__________. • Air moves o____ of the lungs p ut ncreases own ressure nto elax own in p ecreases ncreases ut

6. Efficient gas exchange CREDIT • Lungs are efficient gas exchange structures because • Very l_____ s_______ a_______ due to millions of air sacs • The lining of air sacs is m_____ allowing d_________ of gases • The l______ of air sacs is very t____ allowing r_____ diffusion of gases • Millions of b_____ c__________ provide a r____ b______ supply to the air sacs for t__________ of gases arge urface rea oist iffusion ining hin apid lood apillaries ich lood ransport

7. Gas exchange in the lungsCREDIT Blood flow in 1 Capillary 2 Air out 9 Lining of air sac 8 Air in 3 7 CO2 oxygen 6 4 Blood flow out 5 Red blood cell

8. ow xygen igh out • Blood flowing into the capillary network is l___ in o_____ and h_____ in CO2 • CO2 diffuses ___ of the blood and into a__ s____ or a________ • Oxygen diffuses out of the _______ and into the b_____ ir ac lveolus Air sac ( alveolus) lood

9. Mucus cilia and cartilage WYSK • In the trachea and bronchi • B________ ( and dirt) are t______ in sticky m_____ • Tiny hairs called c_____ push the m______ and t_______ b_______ and dirt back u_ t_________ the throat • The trachea and bronchi are s____________ by rings of c_________ which prevent them from c__________ during b_________ rapped acteria ucus ilia ucus rapped acteria p owards trengthened artilage ollapsing reathing

10. Rings of cartilage U Trachea Bronchiole V Bronchus Bronchiole air sac capillary Q T S

11. Carbon dioxide oxygen

12. Increases from 18 breaths /min to 25 Volume of each breath increases from 500 to 3500 3500 X 25 = 87,500 87,500

13. E -ribs F- diaphragm A - mucus

14. 6 7 4

15. √

16. Allows gases to (dissolve and) diffuse Allows rapiddiffusion / diffusion can only occur over small distances

17. Intercostal muscles C E diaphragm

18. Keeps trachea / bronchi open Beat upwards to mouth carrying mucus with trapped dirt and germs

19. 3.2L 0.8L 2.4L

20. 0.8L As pressure increases volume decreases Volume does not go below 2.4L

21. 0.6L 15 0.6L + 1.6 +3.1 +2.6 = 7.9 7.9

22. Prevent trachea from collapsing during breathing mucus Cilia sweep the mucus and trapped particles back up towards the throat

23. Heart and Circulation SQA Questions

24. The Heart WYSK • The heart has __ chambers. Two upper chambers called the right and left ______. Two lower chambers called the right and left ________ • Bloodreturns from the body to the right a______ in the v____ c_____. When it is full the muscular wall c_________ and squeezes blood through a v_____ into the right _______ 4 atrium ventricle trium ena ava ontracts alve ventricle

25. ight ontracts alve ulmonary rtery • When the r_____ ventricle c______ blood is forced through a v______ into the p________ a______ which carries d___________ blood to the l_____ • Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs in the p__________ v_____. The left a_____ receives the blood. When it is full the muscular wall c_________ and squeezes blood through a v_____ into the left _______. eoxygenated ungs ulmonary ein trium ontracts alve ventricle

26. eft ontracts alve orta xygenated • When the l_____ ventricle c______ blood is forced through a v______ into the a______ which carries o___________ blood to the whole ______ • Valves prevent b________ of blood • The m______ wall of the left ventricle is much t________ because it has to pump blood all round the b______ • The heart muscle obtains its blood supply from c________ a________ body ackflow uscle hicker ody oronary rteries

27. rteries apillaries • Blood leaves the heart in a_______, flowsthrough c________ and returns to the heart in v_______. • The pulse indicates blood flowing in an a________. eins rtery

28. Blood (G) ed lasma • Blood consists of r___ blood cells and white blood cells carried in a liquid called p_____ • Red blood cells: • Transport o_______round the body. • Contain h___________ • Donotcontain an______ and are very s____ • Plasma is the l______part of blood • transportsc_____ • carriesdissolved f____fromthesmall intestinetob______ cells • Carriesd________ CO2from thebody cellsback to thel______ xygen aemoglobin ucleus mall iquid ells ood ody issolved ungs

29. Haemoglobin (C) igment xygen • Haemoglobinis the red p________in blood cells which carries o________ from the lungs to the body cells • At the lungs o_______ diffuses into the blood from the air sacs and c_______ with the haemoglobin of the red blood cell to become o____________ • At the b______ cellsoxyhaemoglobin b____ d_____ easily to release its o_____ xygen ombines xyhaemoglobin ody reaks own xygen

30. Capillary network (G) lose ontact • Living cells are in c_____ c_______ with capillaries • O______ and glucosed______ from the blood c__________to the c_____ • C__ and waste diffuse from the c____to the blood capillaries xygen iffuse ells apillaries O2 ells

31. Capillary network (C) • A capillary network has • A l______ surface area • The lining of a capillary is v___ t____ (only o__ cell thick) allowing r_______ diffusion • This allows e________ g__ e________ by diffusion arge ery hin ne apid fficient as xchange

32. lungs Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery RA LA X X X RV LV X aorta Vena cava body

33. Vena cava Pulmonary vein RA LA X X RV LV X X aorta Pulmonary artery

34. body Vena cava aorta RA LA X X X RV LV X Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein lungs

35. body Right atrium Right ventricle lungs left ventricle body

36. deoxygenated blood to lungs Oxygenated blood to body Oxygenated blood from lungs aorta pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein valve Left atrium deoxygenated blood from body valve vena cava right atrium valve Left ventricle Right ventricle

37. LA RA LV Rv

38. C A B D 2 1 3 4 Blood flows backwards

39. LA RA LV

40. opens closes opens backflow closes blood is in pulmonary artery RV, PA,lungs.PV,LA,LV,AORTA,BODY,VENA CAVA,RV

42. arteries capillaries veins pulse artery Pulmonary arteries – go to lungs to get oxygen

43. Coronary artery Mesenteric artery renal artery hepatic artery Coronary vein Hepatic portal vein renal vein hepatic vein

44. lungs Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Vena cava aorta coronary artery Hepatic vein hepatic artery Hepatic portal vein kidney

45. Left atrium vena cava aorta pulmonary artery liver Mesenteric artery hepatic portal vein Renal artery Renal vein

46. liver aorta Left atrium false true true false

47. d g i f h b a e c i

48. g j i f h a e b d c