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#1. Boyle’s Law - 1662

#1. Boyle’s Law - 1662. Gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume , when temperature is held constant. Pressure x Volume = a constant Equation: P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 ( T = constant). Graph of Boyle’s Law – page 418. Boyle’s Law says the pressure is inverse to the volume.

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#1. Boyle’s Law - 1662

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  1. #1. Boyle’s Law - 1662 Gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume, when temperature is held constant. • Pressure x Volume = a constant • Equation: P1V1 = P2V2 (T = constant)

  2. Graph of Boyle’s Law – page 418 Boyle’s Law says the pressure is inverse to the volume. Note that when the volume goes up, the pressure goes down

  3. - Page 419

  4. Jacques Charles (1746-1823) • French Physicist • Part of a scientific balloon flight on Dec. 1, 1783 – was one of three passengers in the second balloon ascension that carried humans • This is how his interest in gases started • It was a hydrogen filled balloon – good thing they were careful!

  5. #2. Charles’s Law - 1787 • The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature, when pressure is held constant. • This extrapolates to zero volume at a temperature of zero Kelvin.

  6. Converting Celsius to Kelvin • Gas law problems involving temperature will always require that the temperature be in Kelvin. (Remember that no degree sign is shown with the kelvin scale.) • Reason? There will never be a zero volume, since we have never reached absolute zero. Kelvin = C + 273 °C = Kelvin - 273 and

  7. - Page 421

  8. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778 – 1850) • French chemist and physicist • Known for his studies on the physical properties of gases. • In 1804 he made balloon ascensions to study magnetic forces and to observe the composition and temperature of the air at different altitudes.

  9. #3. Gay-Lussac’s Law - 1802 • The pressure and Kelvin temperature of a gas are directly proportional, provided that the volume remains constant. • How does a pressure cooker affect the time needed to cook food? (Note page 422) • Sample Problem 14.3, page 423

  10. #4. The Combined Gas Law The combined gas law expresses the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. Sample Problem 14.4, page 424

  11. The combined gas law contains all the other gas laws! • If the temperature remains constant... P1 V1 P2 x V2 x = T1 T2 Boyle’s Law

  12. The combined gas law contains all the other gas laws! • If the pressure remains constant... P1 V1 P2 x V2 x = T1 T26 Charles’s Law

  13. The combined gas law contains all the other gas laws! • If the volume remains constant... P1 V1 P2 x V2 x = T1 T2 Gay-Lussac’s Law

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