Objectives

1. Objectives • Content: Choose one inventor and defend why his invention was the most important. • Language: List the 3 inventors and their inventions.

2. Inventions

3. The Growth of Industry After the Civil War, the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation. One reason for growth was new inventions

4. Inventions and Innovations 1.) The Electric Light Bulb (1879) Thomas Edison “The Wizard of Menlo Park” Also invented first power plants, phonograph, motion picture projector and the storage battery http://www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america http://youtu.be/nftoc1SpWyc

5. Inventions and Innovations 2.) Telephone Service (1876) Alexander Graham Bell He opened the Bell telephone company the following year

6. Inventions and Innovations 3.) “Model T” (1908) Henry Ford Established his first automobile plant in Michigan. The Model T sold for $850.00 First to use the assembly line http://www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america

8. Warm-Up • If you could move anywhere in the world, where would you move? Why? • Who would you take with you, if anyone? Why/Why not?

9. Objectives Content: Determine if the factors leading to immigration were push or pull. Language: List the 4 reasons people immigrated to the United States after the Civil War.

10. IMMIGRATION

11. What is immigration? • Immigration is the movement of people from one country to another

12. What is immigration? • An immigrant is someone who comes into another country. • An emigrant is someone who exits their own country.

13. New Immigration 1880-1920 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwo4eZ-MF10

14. Immigrants have been coming to America since the 1600s. But the immigration we are talking about now took place much later! After the 1880’s!

15. New Immigration • New immigration is the wave of immigration from 1880 to 1920. During this time, 23 million immigrants enter the United States. • The peak decade was 1900 - 1910. • Most “new immigrants” came from southern and eastern Europe.

16. Immigration was a combination of Push/Pull factors Push- reasons they left home country Pull- reasons they came to the U.S. Freedom Join Families Economic Opportunity Wealth Jobs • Crop Failure/Famine • Land and Job Shortages • Rising Taxes • Religious and/or Political Discrimination • Disease

17. So why did Immigration increase after the Civil War? Because of HEAR! • Hope for better opportunities • Escape from oppressive government • Adventure • Religious freedom

19. Objectives • Content: Discover the difficulties of immigrating to the United States. • Language: Describe the experience of immigrants traveling through Ellis Island.

20. The Journey… • The trip from Europe to America took two weeks and cost about $30.00 • Most immigrants traveled in steerage or 3rd class quarters. The conditions were crowded, filthy, and filled with stench.

21. Ellis Island Immigrants from Europe entered the United States at Ellis Islandin New York City.

22. Ellis Island opened in 1892. Here, 5,000 to 10,000 immigrants were processed each day.

23. Once at Ellis Island… • Immigrants had to pass a physical exam and were interviewed. • Most new immigrants were poor and uneducated. One-third were illiterate (couldn’t read). Almost none could speak English.

24. Angel Island • Immigrants fromAsiaentered the United States at Angel Island in San Francisco, California.

25. Ellis Island Interactive Tour http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/tour/

27. What are the emotions of the three people/groups? Irony is the a statement that is the opposite of reality. What is ironic about this cartoon?

28. Objectives • Content: Create a sensory figure about the immigrants’ experiences. • Language: Explain the conditions immigrants lived and worked in.

29. Discrimination Against Immigrants • Many faced ethnic and religious prejudice and discrimination. 1.) Chinese • Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) – Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the United States for 10 years. It was extended many times and lasted until 1943. • Discrimination spread to all Asian immigrants • Why? • Competition for gold and jobs

30. Discrimination Continued 2.) Irish Irish Catholics were thought to be dirty, stupid, violent, and alcoholic. They were denied jobs and housing because of the fact that they were Irish. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6Dv0oNfsUM

31. Where Did The Immigrants Live? • Three-fourths of all new immigrants settled in large cities such as New York and Chicago.

33. Immigrants sought out neighborhoods with friends and relatives. These poor neighborhoods were called slums, or ghettos.

34. Immigrants lived in overcrowded rundown apartments called tenements.

35. Eight or more people would share two rooms. • There was rarely plumbing or heating • There were few windows, hallways had water puddles. There was filth and stench everywhere. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxSV1F-sM4

36. Immigrant Labor • The immigrants worked wherever they could get jobs: mines, factories, and railroads.

37. Sweatshops • Crowded factories where men and women labored for 15-18 hours a day. • They were dark, damp, poorly ventilated, stench filled, and either extremely hot or extremely cold.

38. Life in America was often as difficult as the life they had left behind. • Immigrants faced unemployment, early death, industrial accidents, and typhoid.

40. Objectives • Content: Label major cities with what they produced. • Language: List 3 challenges during the Industrial Revolution and explain the solutions.

41. The Rise of Cities Immigration and The growth of Industry

42. Why Cities Grew 3 reasons • Huge rise in immigration to America led to an abundance of cheap skilled and un-skilled worker • USA was changing from a rural to an urban nation (People were leaving the farm and moving to the city)

43. 3. Immigrants would have to work dangerous and low paying jobs. • Ex 1: Steel Mills of Pittsburgh • Ex 2: Meat Packing plants of Chicago and Kansas City • The Jungle – by Upton Sinclair, was a tell all book exposing the gross conditions in meatpacking plants

44. Urbanization Industry and cities

45. Cities became major centers for business and industry For example: • New York City, Boston and Philadelphia were manufacturing centers. • New England states were textiles – a type of cloth or woven fabric • Ex: New York, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Maine • Pittsburgh was steel (The Steelers) • Detroit was automobiles (The Pistons) • Chicago was meatpacking (The Bulls)

46. Immigration and The growth of Industry • Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods • Tenements – a run-down, dirty apartment building.

47. 3 Challenges 2. Ghettos/slums – part of a city that contains poor and rundown neighborhoods 3. Political Corruption - the use of power by government officials for private gain

48. Solutions 1.) SettlementHouses – provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries and libraries. Also had classes in English, Music and the Arts • Located in poorer neighborhoods • Ex: Hull House, Founded by Jane Addams

49. 2) YMCA and YWCA - Recreation center for inner city kids 23rd Street YMCA, 1897 metropolitan champions

50. 3.) Political machines – group that controls the activities of a political party • Gained power by helping new immigrants • Would provide housing and jobs in exchange for votes!