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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. DNA. Carries genetic information Controls protein synthesis. Brainstorm. What are the functions of proteins?. Some Functions of Proteins. DNA and Proteins. Besides carrying all of our hereditary information, DNA carries the codes for proteins

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. DNA • Carries genetic information • Controls protein synthesis

  3. Brainstorm • What are the functions of proteins?

  4. Some Functions of Proteins

  5. DNA and Proteins • Besides carrying all of our hereditary information, DNA carries the codes for proteins • DNA tells the ribosome of the cell what proteins to make

  6. DNA never leaves the nucleus….. • To prevent damage

  7. If DNA never leaves the nucleus…. • How does the message get to the ribosome in the cytoplasm to make proteins?

  8. RNA • RNA = Ribonucleic acid • Nucleic acid • Made up of repeating units of nucleotides • Single stranded • Contains U (uracil) instead of T (thymine) • Its overall function is for protein synthesis

  9. RNA vs. DNA

  10. Types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Reads DNA and carries a copy of the instructions for making a protein out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm of the cell. • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Carries the amino acids to the ribosome (location of protein synthesis) to be assembled into proteins

  11. Amino Acids • There are twenty different amino acids to code for. The sequence and the number of amino acids determine the type of protein that will be made.

  12. How a Protein is Formed • A. Transcription • RNA polymerase (enzyme) binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands • Then one strand of DNA is used as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of mRNA. • Codon – mRNA reads DNA 3 bases at a time. Every 3 bases codes for a specific amino acid. Remember: a chain of amino acids makes up a protein. • mRNA leaves the nucleus and brings the message to the ribosome

  13. Transcription Example • DNA – AGCGTGCCA • mRNA – UCGCACGGU • Codon – UCG – CAC - GGU

  14. How a protein is formed cont…. • B. Translation • The cell uses information from the mRNA to produce proteins • tRNA reads the codons and transfers the complimentary amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein

  15. Transcription/Translation Example • DNA: AGCGTGCCA • mRNA: UCGCACGGU • Codon: UCG – CAC – GGU • Amino Acids: Serine – Histidine - Glycine

  16. Start and Stop Codons • Start Codon – Begins protein synthesis. Example: AUG • Stop Codon – Stops protein synthesis. Example: UAA, UAG, UGA

  17. Examples • http://www.lew-port.com/10712041113402793/lib/10712041113402793/Animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.swf

  18. Practice 1 • DNA –ATGTACCCGAACTAG • DNA- TACATGGGCTTGATC • mRNA-AUGUACCCGAACUAG • Codon –AUG –UAC-CCG-AAC-UAG • Amino acids – MET –TYR –PRO –ASN -TYR

  19. Practice 2 • DNA – ATGGGTAGTCATTGG • DNA - TACCCATCAGTAACC • mRNA- AUGGGUAGUCAUUGG • Codon – AUG – GGU – AGU – CAU – UGG • Amino Acids – MET – GLY – SER – HIS - CYS

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