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Chapter 5 Air and Water Resources

Chapter 5 Air and Water Resources. Section 1 Air Pollution Notes 5-1. What’s in the Air?. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and other gases All living things depend on these gases Air Pollution: any change to the atmosphere that has harmful effects

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Chapter 5 Air and Water Resources

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  1. Chapter 5Air and Water Resources Section 1 Air Pollution Notes 5-1

  2. What’s in the Air? • Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and other gases • All living things depend on these gases • Air Pollution: any change to the atmosphere that has harmful effects • Pollutants: cause pollution • Particles of solids (asbestos) and gases (chlorine fumes) • Emissions: particles and gases released into the atmosphere • Vehicles, air planes, anything motorized, volcanoes

  3. Smog • Photochemical smog: • Thick, brownish haze formed when gases in the air react with sunlight • Caused by gases emitted by automobiles and trucks • Gases formed when gasoline is not completely burned • Hydrocarbons: compounds containing hydrogen and carbon • Nitrogen oxides: contain nitrogen and oxygen • React with sunlight and form ozone • Toxic • Major chemical in smog

  4. Clear Day In Houston Smog Day In Houston

  5. Temperature Inversion • Layer of cold air trapped next to the surface by warm air • Polluted air is trapped with the cold air • Normally warm air is closest to the surface and it gets colder as the distance increases • Pollutants are then allowed to escape with the rising warm air

  6. Temperature Inversion

  7. Effects of Smog • Itchy, watery eyes • Scratchy throat • Lung problems • Harm bodies defense against disease • During a smog alert • Asthma patients should stay indoors • No outside activities for anyone.

  8. Acid Rain • Precipitation that is more acidic than normal • When coal and oil are burned, they produce nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. • These form nitric acid and sulfuric acid when mixed with water vapor • Can also be snow, sleet, or fog

  9. Acid Rain • Changes the pH of lakes or ponds • Causes survival rate of fish and turtles to decline • Affects plants also • Changes the nutrient level in the soil • Affects certain types of stone • Limestone and marble are eaten away • Eats away paint and that causes metal to rust

  10. http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/chemistry/phscale.html

  11. Indoor Air Pollution • Air inside can be even worse than outside • Dust, pet hair and air fresheners • Asbestos (building material used in old buildings) causes cancer and lung disease • http://www.bcaa.net/resfaq401.htm • Paints and cleaning supplies can give off toxic fumes • Smoke from cigarettes or cigars

  12. Indoor Air Pollution • Carbon Monoxide: (CO) • Colorless, odorless gas that forms when wood, coal, oil or gas is burned • Can build up in enclosed areas • Must use a carbon monoxide detector to determine if the gas is present

  13. Indoor Air Pollution • Radon: • Colorless, odorless gas that is radioactive • Formed by certain rocks underground and seeps into basements through cracks • May cause lung cancer or other health problems if breathed in over many years • Good ventilation will prevent the build up of this gas • http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/radon/georadon/2.html

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