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This article explores the molecular basis for the relationship between genotype and phenotype, focusing on the processes of genotype characterization, nucleic acid detection and isolation, protein separation, blotting techniques, and point mutations. It provides insights into how DNA sequences are transcribed into RNA and translated into amino acid sequences, which ultimately determine protein function and contribute to the phenotype of an organism.
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Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype genotype DNA DNA sequence transcription RNA translation amino acid sequence protein function phenotype organism
Detection and Isolation of Target Molecules For Nucleic Acids 1. cDNA of a specifc gene 2. Homologous DNA of gene from related organism 3. Synthetic DNA based on amino acid sequence of protein For Proteins 1. Antibodies
Separation of Molecules by Gel Electrophoresis Subject molecules to electrical field in a matrix. Separation of molecules is based on: 1. net charge 2. size 3. shape
Blotting Techniques SouthernAnalysis DNA fragments are electrophoresed and probed with DNA or cDNA for specific sequence. NorthernAnalysis RNA molecules are electrophoresed and probed with cDNA for specific sequence. WesternAnalysis Proteins are electrophoresed and probed with antibody for specific protein.
Point Mutations on Gene Products Refer to Figure 16-4, Griffiths etal., 2015.
Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype genotype DNA DNA sequence transcription RNA translation amino acid sequence protein function phenotype organism
