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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Section 3. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 3: Elements OBJECTIVES. Be able to define: group, family, period, metal, nonmetal, and metalloid.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 3

  2. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements OBJECTIVES • Be able to define: group, family, period, metal, nonmetal, and metalloid. • Be able to identify and properly spell the name of an element when given its symbol and be able to write the symbol of an element, using problem conventions (first letter capitalized/second lowercase), when given the name of that element • Be able to describe the arrangement of the Periodic Table • Be able to distinguish the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

  3. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements • Remember: Elements are _______ _____________ that cannot be decomposed by chemical changes. Elements serve as the building blocks of _________ and each has characteristic properties. • There are over ______ known elements that are organized into groups based on similar ______________ properties. The organization of these elements is called the _____________ ____________.

  4. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements • Remember: Elements are PURE Substances that cannot be decomposed by chemical changes. Elements serve as the building blocks of matterand each has characteristic properties. • There are over ______ known elements that are organized into groups based on similar ______________ properties. The organization of these elements is called the _____________ ____________.

  5. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements • Remember: Elements are PURE Substances that cannot be decomposed by chemical changes. Elements serve as the building blocks of matterand each has characteristic properties. • There are over 100known elements that are organized into groups based on similar chemicalproperties. The organization of these elements is called the periodic table.

  6. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements PERIODIC TABLE

  7. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table: • Each square on the periodic table shows the ________ and the ________ ___________ for each element. • Each element has been assigned a symbol based on its name. Symbols may reflect older ________ of elements or languages other than English. Ex. Mercury (Hg) – hydrargyrum & Potassium (K) – kalium

  8. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table: • Each square on the periodic table shows the symboland the atomic number for each element. • Each element has been assigned a symbol based on its name. Symbols may reflect older namesof elements or languages other than English. Ex. Mercury (Hg) – hydrargyrum & Potassium (K) – kalium

  9. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements

  10. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • Generally, the first letter of the name of the element is used as its symbol and it is ALWAYS _______________. Ex. Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), & Vanadium (V) • If elements begin with the same first letter, a second letter is used which is sounded in the name. The second letter is ALWAYS ___________. Ex. Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr)

  11. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • Generally, the first letter of the name of the element is used as its symbol and it is ALWAYS capitalized. Ex. Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), & Vanadium (V) • If elements begin with the same first letter, a second letter is used which is sounded in the name. The second letter is ALWAYS lowercase. Ex. Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr)

  12. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements • Introduction to the Periodic Table • The ________ columns of the periodic table are called ________ or __________. • Each group contains elements with similar ___________ properties. • The two major categories of elements are ________ and _____________. ____________ have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

  13. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements • Introduction to the Periodic Table • The verticalcolumns of the periodic table are called groupsor families. • Each group contains elements with similar __________properties. • The two major categories of elements are ________ and ____________. ____________ have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

  14. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements • Introduction to the Periodic Table • The verticalcolumns of the periodic table are called groupsor families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemicalproperties. • The two major categories of elements are ________ and ____________. have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

  15. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements • Introduction to the Periodic Table • The verticalcolumns of the periodic table are called groupsor families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemicalproperties. • The two major categories of elements are metals and nonmetals. Metalloidshave properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

  16. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The horizontal ______ of elements in the periodic table are called _________. • Physical and chemical properties _________ somewhat regularly across a period.

  17. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The horizontal rowsof elements in the periodic table are called periods. • Physical and chemical properties _________ somewhat regularly across a period.

  18. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The horizontal rowsof elements in the periodic table are called periods. • Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period.

  19. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The two sets of elements places below the periodic table make up the _______________ series and _____________ series. • These ____________ elements fit into the table after elements _____ and _____. They are placed below the table to keep it from being ______ _______.

  20. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The two sets of elements places below the periodic table make up the lanthanideseries and actinideseries. • These ____________ elements fit into the table after elements _____ and _____. They are placed below the table to keep it from being ______ _______.

  21. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements I. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The two sets of elements places below the periodic table make up the lanthanideseries and actinideseries. • These metallicelements fit into the table after elements 57and 89. They are placed below the table to keep it from being too wide.

  22. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Metals: A metal is an element that is a good ___________ ____________ and a good _______ conductor.

  23. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Metals: A metal is an element that is a goodelectrical conductor and a good heat conductor.

  24. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Properties of metals • Most are ________ at room temperature • ____________ - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • Ductile - they can be drawn into a ______ _______. • Conduct electricity and heat well

  25. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Properties of metals • Most are solidat room temperature • Malleable- they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • Ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire. • Conduct electricity and heat well

  26. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Copper: A Typical Metal • Copper is a ___________ color and has a __________ luster. • It is found naturally in minerals such as Chalcopyrite & Malachite

  27. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Copper: A Typical Metal • Copper is a reddishcolor and has a metallicluster. • It is found naturally in minerals such as Chalcopyrite & Malachite

  28. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Nonmetals: A nonmetal is an element that is a ______ conductor of heat and electricity. (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

  29. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Nonmetals: A nonmetal is an element that is a poorconductor of heat and electricity. (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

  30. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Properties of nonmetals • Many are _________ • Solids are ___________ • Poor conductors of heat and electricity

  31. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Properties of nonmetals • Many are gases. • Solids are brittle. • Poor conductors of heat and electricity

  32. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Phosphorus: A Typical Nonmetal • 1 of ___ solid nonmetals. It is known in two common forms: ______ phosphorus – dark red powder & _________ phosphorus – waxy solid that ignites at room temperature. • Phosphorus is too reactive to exist in pure form in nature. • All living things contain phosphorus.

  33. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Phosphorus: A Typical Nonmetal • 1 of 5solid nonmetals. It is known in two common forms: redphosphorus – dark red powder & whitephosphorus – waxy solid that ignites at room temperature. • Phosphorus is too reactive to exist in pure form in nature. • All living things contain phosphorus.

  34. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Metalloids: • A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of _________ and some characteristics of _____________. • Metalloids are found ____________ the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.

  35. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Metalloids: • A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of Metals and some characteristics of Nonmetals. • Metalloids are found ____________ the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.

  36. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Metalloids: • A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of Metals and some characteristics of Nonmetals. • Metalloids are found betweenthe metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.

  37. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Properties of metalloids • All metalloids are __________ at room temperature • Less ______________ than metals, but not as _________ as nonmetals • _________________________ of electricity • Ex. used in circuitry found in desktop computers, digital watches, TVs and radios.

  38. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Properties of metalloids • All metalloids are solidat room temperature • Less malleable than metals, but not as brittle asnonmetals. • _________________________ of electricity • Ex. used in circuitry found in desktop computers, digital watches, TVs and radios.

  39. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Properties of metalloids • All metalloids are solidat room temperature • Less malleable than metals, but not as brittle • Semiconductorsof electricity • Ex. used in circuitry found in desktop computers, digital watches, TVs and radios.

  40. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Noble Gases • Noble gases are the elements in Group ___ of the periodic table. • They are generally _____________ and are gases at _______ temperature.

  41. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Noble Gases • Noble gases are the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table. • They are generally unreactiveand are gases at roomtemperature.

  42. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Noble Gases • Neon, argon, krypton and xenon are used in ______________, whereas helium is used in party/weather balloons because it is ______ _________ than air.

  43. Chapter 1: Matter & ChangeSection 3: Elements Noble Gases • Neon, argon, krypton and xenon are used in lighting, whereas helium is used in party/weather balloons because it is less dense than air.

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