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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. Class Starter Questions: What are 3 functions of the respiratory system? Explain the difference between breathing and cellular respiration. What organs make up the respiratory system? Write them in order through which air passes during inhalation. .

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System Class Starter Questions: • What are 3 functions of the respiratory system? • Explain the difference between breathing and cellular respiration. • What organs make up the respiratory system? Write them in order through which air passes during inhalation.

  2. 1) What are 3 functions of the respiratory system? • To provide oxygen to body cells so that they may extract the energy they need from nutrients. (cellular respiration) • To remove carbon dioxide (waste product) from the body. • To filter, warm and humidify the air we breathe.

  3. 2) Explain the difference between breathing and respiration. Breathing is: The process which moves air in and out of the lungs Cellular Respiration is: A chemical reaction that occurs inside the mitochondria of all cells. It is a combustion reaction, therefore it always releases energy. Chemical equation for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + energy

  4. 3) Pathway of air through the respiratory system. Nose & mouth Nasal pasage Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Capillaries (where O2 enters the blood) Lungs

  5. http://www.bbc.co.uk

  6. What are the functions of the organs that make up the respiratory system?

  7. Mouth & Nose • This is where the oxygen first enters your body and also where carbon dioxide leaves. • When the air comes into your nose it gets filtered by tiny hairs (not cilia) • Your mouth does not contain these hairs therefore breathing by your mouth does not filter the air as well as breathing by your nose

  8. Nasal cavity • Warms & humidifies air • Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal cavity • traps dust, pollen, and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs

  9. Pharynx • Tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and air. • At the lower end of the pharynx is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis. • covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs

  10. Larynx • “Voice box” • The airway to which two pairs of horizontal folds of tissue, called vocal cords, are attached • When we exhale, the vocal cords vibrate which produces sound

  11. Trachea • This is an air-conducting tube that connects the larynx with the bronchi • Lined with mucus membranes and cilia • Contains strong cartilage rings to hold the airway open at all times

  12. Bronchi • Two short tubes that branch off the lower end of the trachea • Carry air into the lungs. • Singular - bronchus

  13. Lungs • The lungs are spongy organs which contain the bronchioles and alveoli. • Where gas exchange occurs • There are 2 lungs (right and left)

  14. Smoker’s Lung vs. Healthy Lung

  15. Bronchioles • Tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs • Connect bronchi to alveoli

  16. Alveoli • Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole • Surrounded by capillaries • Where exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen (via diffusion) takes place • Singular - alveolus

  17. Pleura • A double membrane that lines the lungs and adheres to the walls of the rib cage Diaphragm • Dome shaped muscle between the chest and the abdomen that the body uses for breathing

  18. Gas Exchange- What is it? • Two gases, O2 and CO2 switch places • O2 moves from the alveoli to the capillaries • CO2 moves in the opposite direction, from the capillaries to the alveoli • This occurs by diffusion: • The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

  19. Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide • Blood arriving at the alveolus is deoxygenated: • Low in O2 • High in CO2 • The concentration of CO2 inside the alveolus is lower than in the capillary • Thus, CO2 diffuses into the alveolus

  20. Diffusion of Oxygen • Blood arriving at the alveolus has a low concentration of O2 • But air entering the alveolus has a high concentration of O2 • Thus, O2 diffuses from the alveolus (high conc.) into the capillary (low conc.) Oxygenated blood leaving the alveolus

  21. How does breathing work? • Breathing is an involuntary action meaning that it occurs without conscious thought • However, breathing is in fact controlled by a structure in the brain called the medulla

  22. Breathing Rate • Breathing rate = # of breaths (including inhalation AND exhalation) in 1 min • Your brain controls your breathing rate by monitoring the level of CO2 in your body • When CO2 levels are high, breathing rate increases • When CO2 levels are low breathing rate decreases

  23. Why does your breathing rate increase during and after exercise? • Physical activity requires increased energy production • Thus, your muscles must consume more O2 to release more energy • As a result of respiration, more CO2 is produced • The increased levels of CO2 in the blood flowing to your brain is a signal to the medulla to increase breathing rate • WHY? • To remove CO2 and replenish O2 at a faster rate

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