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WH movement 2 Oct. 17, 2012 – Day 20

WH movement 2 Oct. 17, 2012 – Day 20. Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University. Course management. http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/ANTH3590/ We need to spend our $150 from the Provost ’ s Undergraduate Activities Fund. REVIEW. WH QUESTION TREE (5.3). CP. C ’.

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WH movement 2 Oct. 17, 2012 – Day 20

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  1. WH movement 2Oct. 17, 2012 – Day 20 Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University

  2. Course management • http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/ANTH3590/ • We need to spend our $150 from the Provost’s Undergraduate Activities Fund. ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  3. REVIEW ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  4. WH QUESTION TREE (5.3) CP C’ PRN who Note that Radford does not put ‘was’ in Aux. TP C ø PRN she T’ was+Af3sPast+ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane AuxP T Af3sPast Aux was VP ------------- was+ V dating PRN who ----- -----

  5. TP PICTURE REFLEXIVE DetP ø Joe T’ CP T Af3sPast VP QP which picture of himself wonder C’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane TP C ø DetP ø Jim T’ -------------------------------- T Af3sPast VP V bought QP which picture of himself

  6. DERIVING WH-MVT & AUX INVERSION ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §5.4

  7. Conjectures • C can contain an edge feature (EF) which requires a specifier to appear at its edge, see slide 7. • Interrogative Condition (24) A clause is interpreted as a non-echoic question if it is a CP with an interrogative specifier. • An interrogative C in main clauses contains a strong tense feature, see slide 8, which is the same assumption as for yes-no questions. • A yes-no question must have a null interrogative ADV whetherin its specifier, see slide 9. • Evidence, p. 164 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  8. EMBEDDED WH QUESTION TREE (5.26) VP wonder CP C’ PRN who TP C [EF] ø ---- PRN she T’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane AuxP T Af3sPast was+ Aux was VP ----- V dating PRN who -----

  9. MAIN WH QUESTION TREE (5.29) CP From now on, I will collapse the creation of the specifier and the movement to it into a single step. C’ PRN who TP C [TNS, EF] ø ----- ----- was+Af3sPast+ PRN she T’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane AuxP T Af3sPast ------------- Aux was VP was+ V dating PRN who ----- -----

  10. MAIN YES-NO QUESTION TREE (5.36) CP C’ ADV whether TP C [TNS, EF] ø ----- ----- was+Af3sPast+ PRN she T’ ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane AuxP T Af3sPast ------------- Aux was VP was+ V dating PRN him -----

  11. Pied piping ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Radford §5.5

  12. PIED PIPING ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  13. PIED PIPING WITH A WH WORD • Initial data 37a) You have done which assignment? 37c) Which assignment have you done? 37b) Which have you done assignment? • The Chain Uniformity Condition (40) • A chain is uniform with respect to phrase structure status. • The chain for (37b) is not uniform because • its end is a head, • but its beginning is a phrase (maximal projection), or at least is in a phrasal node (the specifier of CP) • see the next slide. * ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  14. MOVE Q WITHOUT N (5.39) CP C’ Q which TP C [TNS, EF] ø ----- ----- PRN she T’ was+Af3sPast+ AuxP T Af3sPast ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane ------------- Aux was VP was+ V dating QP ----- Q which N actor -------

  15. ECONOMY • So the whole phrase can move to satisfy the Chain Uniformity Condition, but why must it move? • Attract Smallest Condition (41) • A head which attracts a particular type of item attracts the smallest constituent containing such an item [which will not lead to an violation of any UG principle]. • This means that the QP must be moved, but not any constituent above it, such as VP. • This may be one aspect of a more general condition: • Economy Condition (44) • Derivations and representations are required to be minimal, with no superfluous steps in derivation and superfluous symbols in representation. ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  16. POSSESSIVES/GENITIVES • Initial data 45a) You have borrowed whose car? 45c) Whose car have you borrowed? 45b) Whose have you borrowed car? • Structure of possessive/genitive • [DP [PRN whose] [D’ [D ø] [N car]]] • ~ who’s the car • New problem • Whose is a maximal projection and so should be extractable all by itself, but (45b) shows that it is not. • Left Branch Condition (47) • In languages like English, the leftmost constituent of a nominal expression cannot be extracted out of the constituent containing it. * ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

  17. NEXT TIME ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane Continue WH movement

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