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Classification of Organisms

Classification of Organisms. Question of the Day: February 6 th , 2009 Answer on the last sheet of the handout Define species Relate homologous structures to evolutionary relationships Summarize speciation You will have until 1:30 pm. Chapter 15. Taxonomy.

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Classification of Organisms

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  1. Classification of Organisms • Question of the Day: February 6th, 2009 • Answer on the last sheet of the handout • Define species • Relate homologous structures to evolutionary relationships • Summarize speciation • You will have until 1:30 pm Chapter 15

  2. Taxonomy • The study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships • Biodiversity: total amount of life in an ecosystem • Taxonomy: science of naming and classifying organisms

  3. Father of Modern Classification • Carolus Linnaeus • Recognized that different species could be grouped into broader categories based on shared characteristics • Developed binomial nomenclature • First word = genus name • Second word = species name • Example: Homo sapiens

  4. All organisms classified into a hierarchy • Kingdom (broadest) • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species (most specific)

  5. Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo

  6. Mnemonics • Naming device • Ex. My Very Energetic Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas • Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto) • Come up with a Mnemonic device to name the taxonomy of organisms • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species • King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti

  7. Do Now: Monday 2.9.09 • Take out notes from Friday to be continued today • Re-writes on midyear open response due, please turn them in!!!! • Key Club Meeting tonight 6:00pm this room. • Snacks will be served. • Brain Pop • List the 5(6) kingdoms and examples from each

  8. Five (Six) Kingdoms • Organisms can be placed into one of the following kingdoms: • Monera (Archaebacteria and Eubacteria) • Fungi • Protista • Animal • Plantae

  9. Monera prokaryote single-cell Protista eukaryote multi-cell or single- cell Plantae eukaryote multi-cell autotrophic Fungi eukaryote multi-cell heterotrophic, external digestion Animalia eukaryote multi-cell heterotrophic, internal digestion

  10. Cladograms • Graph showing when different groups diverged from a common ancestral line • Speciation occurred

  11. A student researching bears found the chart below in a textbook. The chart shows the classifications of several types of bears.

  12. 1.) Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data given in this chart?  A.Modern bears evolved from species that are now extinct.  B.The short-faced bear was the ancestor of the Asiatic black bear.  C.Present day bear species are more closely related than their ancestors were.  D.Natural selection favored the brown bear over the American black bear.

  13. 2.) MCAS question Which of the organisms shown below is not correctly labeled with its kingdom?  A B C D

  14. 3.) MCAS Question All organisms classified in kingdom Animalia must also be classified as which of the following?   A.Archaea  B.Eubacteria C.Eukaryota  D.Protista

  15. 4.)MCAS Question • Which of the following distinguishes the organisms in the kingdom Fungi from other eukaryotic organisms?   A.Fungi are unicellular.  B.Fungi reproduce sexually. C.Fungi obtain nutrients by absorption.  D.Fungi make food through photosynthesis.

  16. 5.) MCAS Question The diverse organisms shown in the diagram below belong to the same Kingdom. To which Kingdom do these organisms belong?   A.Animalia  B.Fungi  C.Plantae D.Protista

  17. 6.) MCAS Question Four students attempted to classify organisms into the Plant and Animal Kingdoms. Their classifications are shown in the table below.  Which student’s classification correctly separates organisms into these two Kingdoms?   A.Student 1  B.Student 2 C.Student 3  D.Student 4

  18. 7.) MCAS Question Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?  A.bacterium  B.celery  C.horse  D.mushroom

  19. 8.) MCAS Question A biology student observed the cells shown below under a microscope. These cells most likely came from   A.an animal.  B.an archaebacterium.  C.a fungus. D.a plant.

  20. 9.) MCAS Question An amoeba, an oak tree, a squirrel, and mildew are all classified in the same  A.domain.  B.kingdom.  C.genus.  D.species.

  21. 10.) MCAS Question Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?   A.synthesis of enzymes B.formation of cellulose  C.breakdown of glucose  D.active transport of ions

  22. 11.) MCAS Question A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference?   A.Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.  B.Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells.  C.Eukaryotic cells have more cell walls than prokaryotic cells. D.Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.

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