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Unit 3 Air

Unit 3 Air. The Atmosphere Climate Weather Air Pollution Noise Pollution. Weather. Short term conditions of the atmosphere in a local area Includes: temperature, humidity, clouds, precipitation, wind speed, atmospheric pressure Occurs: seconds  days

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Unit 3 Air

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  1. Unit 3 Air The Atmosphere Climate Weather Air Pollution Noise Pollution

  2. Weather • Short term conditions of the atmosphere in a local area • Includes: temperature, humidity, clouds, precipitation, wind speed, atmospheric pressure • Occurs: seconds  days • Not possible to predict more than a couple of days

  3. Climate • Average weather that occurs in a given region over a period of time • Occurs: decades at a time • Ability make general observations about global, regional and even local climate

  4. Atmosphere • Consists of 5 layers • Gravity keeps layers in place Gravitational force weakens as you move away from the Earth, therefore molecules are more closely packed as you get closer to the Earth

  5. Structure of the Atmosphere • Troposphere • Stratosphere • Mesosphere • Thermosphere • Exosphere

  6. Other Helpful Diagrams

  7. Troposphere • lowest layer: 10 mile (16km) above the surface of Earth • densest layer • contains mostly N2, O2 and water vapor • air is well-mixed (circulation and mixing of gases) • temperature decreases with altitude (distance from Earth’s surface) • layer where weather occurs • tropopause—top of the troposphere

  8. Stratosphere • second layer: 10-31 miles (15-60km) above the earth's surface • much less dense than the troposphere (because greater distance from Earth’s gravitational pull) • contains the ozone layer O3- (pale blue gas; absorbs most UV-B and all of UV-C radiation) • temperature increases with altitude (higher warmer than lower because of UV light) • stratopause—top of the stratosphere

  9. Mesosphere • coldest layer • temperature decreases with altitude • mesopause—top of the mesosphere

  10. Thermosphere • hottest layer • temperature increases with altitude • ionosphere—ion layer; contribute to auroras • Because it lies between the maximum altitude for most aircraft and the minimum altitude for most spacecraft, this region of the atmosphere is only directly accessible through the use of sounding (elevator research) rockets. As a result, the region is one of the most poorly understood in the atmosphere.

  11. Exosphere • beyond Earth‘s atmosphere; merges with interplanetary gases • primarily low-density H2 and He

  12. Atmospheric Gases

  13. Specific Heat Review Q lost = Q gained (negative) (positive) Specific Heat (c water) = 4.18 J/gºC or 1 cal/gºC

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