An important social aspect of the early part of the Industrial Revolution in England was the

1. 1 • The agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contributed to England’s later industrial development by • A. strengthening the importance of the family farm. • B. breaking large estates into smaller farms. • C. encouraging city dwellers to return to farming. • D. producing more food with fewer workers

2. 1 • The agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contributed to England’s later industrial development by • A. strengthening the importance of the family farm. • B. breaking large estates into smaller farms. • C. encouraging city dwellers to return to farming. • D. producing more food with fewer workers

3. 2 • An important social aspect of the early part of the Industrial Revolution in England was the • A. urbanization of factory workers. • B. acceptance of rebellious religious groups. • C. removal of the class system. • D. development of government-funded housing and medical care programs.

4. 2 • An important social aspect of the early part of the Industrial Revolution in England was the • A. urbanization of factory workers. • B. acceptance of rebellious religious groups. • C. removal of the class system. • D. development of government-funded housing and medical care programs.

5. 3 • In what ways were railroads an improvement over canals? • A. Railroads could connect two rivers. • B. Railroads could connect an inland town to a coastal port. • C. Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river. • D. Railroads were the only form of overland transportation.

6. 3 • In what ways were railroads an improvement over canals? • A. Railroads could connect two rivers. • B. Railroads could connect an inland town to a coastal port. • C. Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river. • D. Railroads were the only form of overland transportation.

7. 4 • Which was a geographic advantage for England in the Industrial Revolution? • A. Coastal mountains. • B. Moderate climate. • C. Natural harbors. • D. Nutrient-rich soil.

8. 4 • Which was a geographic advantage for England in the Industrial Revolution? • A. Coastal mountains. • B. Moderate climate. • C. Natural harbors. • D. Nutrient-rich soil.

9. 5 • Louis Pasteur’s research into germ theory in the 19th century is significant because it • A. created safety standards for machine workers. • B. led to techniques that increased crop production. • C. identified the importance of vitamins to nutrition. • D. proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.

10. 5 • Louis Pasteur’s research into germ theory in the 19th century is significant because it • A. created safety standards for machine workers. • B. led to techniques that increased crop production. • C. identified the importance of vitamins to nutrition. • D. proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.

11. 6 • How did the steam engine affect industrial growth? • A. Goods could be transported to new markets. • B. It offered a more efficient source of power. • C. Rail transport came to replace sea transport. • D. It reduced pollution from oil and coal.

12. 6 • How did the steam engine affect industrial growth? • A. Goods could be transported to new markets. • B. It offered a more efficient source of power. • C. Rail transport came to replace sea transport. • D. It reduced pollution from oil and coal.

13. 7 • Which inventor created a more efficient steam engine? • A. Edison. • B. Bell. • C. Morse. • D. Watt.

14. 7 • Which inventor created a more efficient steam engine? • A. Edison. • B. Bell. • C. Morse. • D. Watt.

15. 8 • Identify the inventor of the phonograph, the light bulb and many other important inventions. • A. Edison. • B. Bell. • C. Morse. • D. Marconi.

16. 8 • Identify the inventor of the phonograph, the light bulb and many other important inventions. • A. Edison. • B. Bell. • C. Morse. • D. Marconi.

17. 9 • A major result of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe was that • A. mercantilism replaced capitalism as the dominant economic system. • B. traditional attitudes and values were strengthened. • C. the population in cities declined. • D. the middle class increased in number and in power.

18. 9 • A major result of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe was that • A. mercantilism replaced capitalism as the dominant economic system. • B. traditional attitudes and values were strengthened. • C. the population in cities declined. • D. the middle class increased in number and in power.

19. 10 • What was the main reason the population of England nearly tripled between 1750 and 1850? • A. Agricultural improvements. • B. Better sanitation. • C. Increased immigration. • D. The smallpox vaccine.

20. 10 • What was the main reason the population of England nearly tripled between 1750 and 1850? • A. Agricultural improvements. • B. Better sanitation. • C. Increased immigration. • D. The smallpox vaccine.

21. 11 • The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers emerged from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, and posts, and palings, wiping their swarthy visages, and contemplating coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam-engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it. • —Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854 • The historical era most likely referred to in this quotation is the • A. Industrial Revolution. • B. Great Awakening. • C. French Revolution. • D. Enlightenment.

22. 11 • The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers emerged from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, and posts, and palings, wiping their swarthy visages, and contemplating coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam-engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it. • —Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854 • The historical era most likely referred to in this quotation is the • A. Industrial Revolution. • B. Great Awakening. • C. French Revolution. • D. Enlightenment.

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25. 13 • In the 19th century, labor unions developed mostly in response to • A. increasing unemployment. • B. government ownership of business. • C. wages and working conditions. • D. racial and gender discrimination

26. 13 • In the 19th century, labor unions developed mostly in response to • A. increasing unemployment. • B. government ownership of business. • C. wages and working conditions. • D. racial and gender discrimination

27. 14 • During the Industrial Revolution in England, the failure of social advances to keep up with technological advances led to • A. the reinforcement of mercantile policies to increase industrial production. • B. a change in government from a monarchy to a republic. • C. an increased demand by the working class for reform. • D. the adoption of right-to-work laws.

28. 14 • During the Industrial Revolution in England, the failure of social advances to keep up with technological advances led to • A. the reinforcement of mercantile policies to increase industrial production. • B. a change in government from a monarchy to a republic. • C. an increased demand by the working class for reform. • D. the adoption of right-to-work laws.

29. 15 • Most early factory workers were women because • A. more women than men sought employment. • B. employers could pay women less than men. • C. women were less likely than men to have accidents. • D. women were more willing than men to work long hours.

30. 15 • Most early factory workers were women because • A. more women than men sought employment. • B. employers could pay women less than men. • C. women were less likely than men to have accidents. • D. women were more willing than men to work long hours.

31. 16 • The American Civil War decreased Europe’s supply of cotton from the American South. What did the Europeans do to maintain the flow of this natural resource for their textile industries? • A. European factory owners agreed to pay a higher price for American cotton. • B. European factory owners supported abolition of slavery to end the Civil War. • C. European factory owners turned to Egypt and India as new sources of cotton. • D. European governments intervened militarily to force the resumption of the trade in cotton.

32. 16 • The American Civil War decreased Europe’s supply of cotton from the American South. What did the Europeans do to maintain the flow of this natural resource for their textile industries? • A. European factory owners agreed to pay a higher price for American cotton. • B. European factory owners supported abolition of slavery to end the Civil War. • C. European factory owners turned to Egypt and India as new sources of cotton. • D. European governments intervened militarily to force the resumption of the trade in cotton.

33. 17 • What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution? • A. Land, labor, capital. • B. Government, military, colonies. • C. Raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods. • D. Road, railway, and water transport.

34. 17 • What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution? • A. Land, labor, capital. • B. Government, military, colonies. • C. Raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods. • D. Road, railway, and water transport.

35. 18 • To increase production output during the Industrial Revolution, businesses primarily invested in • A. workers’ wages. • B. machinery. • C. training. • D. marketing

36. 18 • To increase production output during the Industrial Revolution, businesses primarily invested in • A. workers’ wages. • B. machinery. • C. training. • D. marketing

37. 19 • Which statement best reflects the theories in The Communist Manifesto written by: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels? • A. Workers will experience an improved standard of living as capitalism matures. • B. Owners of businesses will eventually realize that conditions for workers must be improved. • C. Workers can expect that working conditions will improve as a result of government legislation. • D. Workers will change working conditions by revolutionary means.

38. 19 • Which statement best reflects the theories in The Communist Manifesto written by: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels? • A. Workers will experience an improved standard of living as capitalism matures. • B. Owners of businesses will eventually realize that conditions for workers must be improved. • C. Workers can expect that working conditions will improve as a result of government legislation. • D. Workers will change working conditions by revolutionary means.

39. 20 • According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was • A. armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat. • B. individual ownership of the means of production. • C. shared ownership by the people of the means of production. • D. the charity and good works of the religious community.

40. 20 • According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was • A. armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat. • B. individual ownership of the means of production. • C. shared ownership by the people of the means of production. • D. the charity and good works of the religious community.

41. 21 • Which is more clearly a characteristic of capitalism than of socialism? • A. Government control of the means of production. • B. Political leadership by elected officials. • C. Limited economic competition. • D. Private ownership of businesses for private profit.

42. 21 • Which is more clearly a characteristic of capitalism than of socialism? • A. Government control of the means of production. • B. Political leadership by elected officials. • C. Limited economic competition. • D. Private ownership of businesses for private profit.

43. 22 • “All forms of life developed from earlier forms. In every case the fittest survived and the weak died out. It is the same for people and nations.” • This passage expresses a view most often found in • A. Utopian socialism. • B. Fundamentalism. • C. Social Darwinism. • D. Liberalism.

44. 22 • “All forms of life developed from earlier forms. In every case the fittest survived and the weak died out. It is the same for people and nations.” • This passage expresses a view most often found in • A. Utopian socialism. • B. Fundamentalism. • C. Social Darwinism. • D. Liberalism.

45. 23 • What late 18th century European artistic movement arose as a reaction against Classicism’s emphasis on reason? • A. Imperialism. • B. Realism. • C. Romanticism. • D. Surrealism.

46. 23 • What late 18th century European artistic movement arose as a reaction against Classicism’s emphasis on reason? • A. Imperialism. • B. Realism. • C. Romanticism. • D. Surrealism.

47. 24 • Socialist writers in 19th century Europe were chiefly concerned with • A. spreading European culture. • B. reducing crime and racial discrimination. • C. solving problems resulting from the Industrial Revolution. • D. defending European imperialism.

48. 24 • Socialist writers in 19th century Europe were chiefly concerned with • A. spreading European culture. • B. reducing crime and racial discrimination. • C. solving problems resulting from the Industrial Revolution. • D. defending European imperialism.

49. 25 • At the end of the 1800s, colonies were generally seen as a • A. place to send criminals. • B. sign of a country’s power. • C. location to train military forces. • D. method for suppressing nationalism

50. 25 • At the end of the 1800s, colonies were generally seen as a • A. place to send criminals. • B. sign of a country’s power. • C. location to train military forces. • D. method for suppressing nationalism