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Chapter 34 Late 20 th Century. Context Existentialism 30-50 (art center shifts from Europe to New York) WWII ends 45 Atomic bomb devastates Hiroshima and Nagasaki 46 Transistor radio invented 48 Israel created 48 Republic of India 49 People’s Republic of China 49 Korean-Vietnam war 50-53.
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Chapter 34 Late 20th Century • Context • Existentialism 30-50 (art center shifts from Europe to New York) • WWII ends 45 • Atomic bomb devastates Hiroshima and Nagasaki 46 • Transistor radio invented 48 • Israel created 48 Republic of India 49 People’s Republic of China 49 • Korean-Vietnam war 50-53
Sputnik I launched 57 • Computer chip invented 59 • Lasers invented 60 • Sexual revolution 60’s 70’s • First manned space flight 61 • JFK assassinated 63 • Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy 68 • Moon landing 75 • Vietnam war end 75 • Opening of the Berlin wall collapse of the Soviet Union 89 • Cybernetic Revolution 90’s
How do you define Modernism • Begins with Picasso • “I am at liberty to walk around an object and show you all sides—I can do anything I want to the canvas” • Painting is no longer a window into another world.
How do you define Post Modernism? • Modernism exhausted itself • 1960’s+ • Meaning doesn’t come from the picture itself, meaning lies in what you bring to it. • Reaction to formalism of modern art • International language • Interest in mass voices/marginal voices/multiculturalism
Post Modern Movements • Every • Artist • Can • Make • Picasso • Cut • Paper • So • Everything • Fits • Nicely • Existentialism • Abstract Expressionism • Color Field • Minimalism • Performance • Conceptual • Pop • Superrealism • Earth art • Feminism • Neo Expressionism
Existentialism=a philosophy asserting the absurdity of human existence • WWI was to end all war (10 Mill. Dead) • WWII 35 million dead Europe devastated • Europe left devastated brings pessimism, brutality, roughness, atheism • Objective: • Artists express current cultural/emotional state of the world after the incredible destruction of WWII
Characteristics • Exaggeration and distortion of imagery • Images of hopelessness, loneliness, and horror • References to violence and politcal messages • Influences: • Expressionism • surrealism
Francis BaconPainting Oil – 6’5” x 4’4” - 1946 Head surrounded by sides of Beef
Alberto Giacometti, Man Pointing Bronze – 5’ 10” x 3’ 1” x 1’ 5” - 1947
Abstract Expressionism • New York School • First American art movement • Objective: art to express the hand of the artist-paintings are about the act of painting • The active process –action painting Characteristics • Surrealist improvisation • Impulse chance - energy
2 forms • Action painting or gestural art • about spontaneous process and expression of inner psyche • Color Field • Power of expressive color Influences • Anti minimalism • Dada/expressionism
Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mist Oil, enamel and aluminum – 7’ 3” x 9” 10” - 1950
Color Field • Covering canvases with fields of color on huge canvases • Expressive power of color • Influences:dada • De Stijl
Stella, Mas o Menos Metalic powder in acrylic emulsion – 9’ 10” x 13’ 8” - 1964
Minimal Art • Objective • Remove all emotional referenc in art • Universal language • Characteristics • no hierarchy of composition • Geometry and simplicity of forms • Industrial materials and fabrication • Impersonal and detached-rejection of emotion • Influences • De Stijl
Donald Judd,Untitled Brass and Plexiglass – 6” x 2’ x 2’ 3” each - 1969
Maya Lin,Vietnam Veterans Memorial Black Granite - Washington DC - 1983
David Smith, Cubi XVIII and Cubi XVII Stainless Steel – 9’ 7” - 1964
Louise Bourgeois, Cumuli I Marble – 1’ 10” x 4’ 2” x 4” - 1969
Performanceart • Objective • Art the celebrates the experience and process of creation • Characteristics • Centers around a single actor who has some special message • The physical work is replaced by movements, gestures, and sounds • Bodies and voice are the medium • No logical narrative • Influences • Abstract Expressionism
Conceptual art • Objective: • Emphasizes the artists thinking-not manipulation of materials • It’s the idea or concept that is the primary element • Characteristics • Art about an idea/object/concept
Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs Chair, photo, dictionary definition - 1965
American Pop Art • Abstraction at and end • Short for popular art • Objective • Communicative power of art to reach a wide audience • Characteristics • Embracing popular culture and mass media • Painting not things, but representation of things • Impersonal • Commercial art-ready made images
Jasper Johns, Flag Encaustic, Oil, Collage,- 3’ 6” x 5’ - 1955
Robert Rauschenberg, Canyon Oil, Pencil, Paper, Fabric, Wood, Paint, Glue, Mirror, Bald Eagle, String, Pillow – 6’ 9” x 5’ 10” x 2’ - 1959
Andy Warhol,Green Coca Cola Bottles Oil – 6’ 10” x 4’ 9” - 1962
Andy Warhol, Marilyn Diptych Oil, Acrylic, and Silk Screen – 6’ 8” x 4’ 9” - 1962
Superrealism (Photorealism) • Objective • Create images with a scrupulous attention to detail and reality • Characteristics • Optical realism • Minute detail • Photographic • Influences • Op and Pop art