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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Section 3,4, 5. Chapter Overview. Section 1 +2 Native Peoples of the Americas Section 3: West African Societies around 1492 Section 4: Western Europe Societies around 1492 Columbus’s Journey All key terms and people are in BOLD. West Africa.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 3,4, 5

  2. Chapter Overview • Section 1 +2 Native Peoples of the Americas • Section 3: West African Societies around 1492 • Section 4: Western Europe Societies around 1492 • Columbus’s Journey • All key terms and people are in BOLD

  3. West Africa What area in Africa are we talking about?

  4. Trade in West Africa West Africa is isolated geographically from Europe and Asia but has many valuable resources The Sahara Desert Trade routes through the desert have been used since ancient times Important cities founded at the crossroads of trade routes Map Page 15 in the textbook shows the major cities and routes

  5. Islam and the Portuguese Arrive • Trade brought the religion of Islam to West Africa • Founded in 622 • Most West African rulers had embraced the religion by the 1400s • Majority of people still practiced local religions

  6. Islam and the Portuguese Arrive Cont. • Little contact between West Africa and Europe until late 1400s • Portuguese traders came by sea to trade for gold • Set up plantations on islands off the coast of West Africa • Needed to import labor from the mainland Portuguese use of Slave labor and plantations would become a model for the colonies of the Americas on larger scale

  7. Kingdoms of West Africa • Songhai • Islamic Kingdom • Ruled the Savanna • Main City Timbuktu • Benin • Located in the Rain Forest • Metal-workers (Gold and Brass) • Kongo • Centralized Government • Mined Iron and produced tools and weapons

  8. West African Culture • Bond of Kinship very important, people of the same Lineage • Elders most respected • Religion similar to Native Americans, belief in spirits and a single creator • Fishing, herding, mining, and farming • Slave labor did exist but slaves could be freed

  9. European Society Around 1492 • Society was based on social hierarchy • Monarchs and nobles had the most wealth and power • Peasants, the majority of the population, worked for them in return they received land and protection • Very little social mobility

  10. European Society Cont. • The Nuclear Family-mother, father and children was very important • The Catholic Church was very important in people’s lives • The Church also had huge political power • The Pope called for Crusades, military expeditions to the Middle East • Impact of the Crusades

  11. Changes in the 1400s • The nobility and the Catholic Church was weakened by the Crusades • Four major nations arise: Portugal, Spain, France, and England • The Renaissance was a period of rebirth for Western Europe that saw an increase in trade, the arts, and learning

  12. Discovery and Expansion • Trade with Asia was very profitable but the land route was long and dangerous • New sailing technologies, discovered by Arabs, the compass and astrolabe helped guide sailors through uncharted waters

  13. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic • On August 3, 1492 Columbus set out with three ships hoping to find a new route to Japan, China, and India • After 2 months his ships reached land in the present-day Bahamas • There he met friendly natives who called themselves the Taino • Columbus claimed the islands for Spain

  14. In 1493 Columbus sailed back with over 1,000 colonists on 17 ships • Start of Colonization- settlements controlled by a parent country • Natives used as slaves • Natives did fight back against the Spanish but lost to superior European weaponry • Disease killed natives rapidly. On Hispaniola • 1493 300,000 Native people • 1508 100,000 • 1568 less than 500

  15. The Slave Trade and Treaty of Tordesillas • As the native people died from disease and over-work the colonizers looked for new labor • West African slaves were brought in to work • Portugal and Spain were the first to colonize Central and South America • The Treaty of Tordesillasdivided the Western Hemisphere between the two nations • The English Dutch and French would begin to colonize later

  16. Discussion Question • Should Columbus be seen as a hero for his achievements or is his legacy that he started a cycle of genocide and slavery which led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans?

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