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Agent Orange

Agent Orange. By: Gorgeous Richardson. What is Agent Orange?. Agent orange was a gas released during the war too kill plants that the opposite soldiers hid behind. Approximately 20 million gallons of herbicides (Agent Orange) were used in Vietnam War between 1962 and 1971. (Continued).

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Agent Orange

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  1. Agent Orange By: Gorgeous Richardson

  2. What is Agent Orange? • Agent orange was a gas released during the war too kill plants that the opposite soldiers hid behind. • Approximately 20 million gallons of herbicides (Agent Orange) were used in Vietnam War between 1962 and 1971.

  3. (Continued) • The steel drums in which the herbicide was transported were color-coded with an orange stripe.  • Other colors such as Blue, White, Purple and Pink, were used to designate different herbicide formulations.

  4. How Did it Happen? • The gas was stuck in the soil (the dirt) and later got into the water and food • It became a respiratory disease.

  5. What Did It Cause? • Some of the things it caused was: • Diabetes • Cancer • Birth Defects

  6. Birth Defects • This an example of one of the birth defects it caused.

  7. How Many People Where Effected? • 2 million people where affected by agent orange, • Half a million children.

  8. Pictures:

  9. Pictures Contiued: • These are the some of the affects agent orange had

  10. what was it manufactured for? • A 50:50 mixture of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, it was manufactured for the U.S. Department of Defense primarily by Monsanto Corporation and Dow Chemical.

  11. What was in it? • The 2, 4, 5-T used to produce Agent Orange was later discovered to be contaminated with 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, an extremely toxic dioxin compound.

  12. Where people killed? • Vietnam estimates 400,000 people were killed or maimed

  13. What happen with the crops? • The US began to target food crops in October 1962, primarily using Agent Blue.

  14. Percentage • Overall, more than 20% of South Vietnam's forests were sprayed at least once over a nine year period.[5]

  15. What did the records show? • United States Air Force records show that at least 6,542 spraying missions took place over the course of Operation Ranch Hand.

  16. Operation Ranchhand. By: Kaylan Hooks.

  17. what was it? • Operation Ranch Hand was a U.S. Military operation during the Vietnam War, lasting from 1962 until 1971.

  18. what was it part of? • It was part of the overall herbicidal warfare program during the war called "Operation Trail Dust".

  19. what did it involve? • Ranch Hand involved spraying an estimated 20 million US gallons of defoliants and herbicides over rural areas of South Vietnam in an attempt to deprive the Viet Cong of vegetation cover and food.

  20. where was it sprayed? • Areas of Laos and Cambodia were also sprayed to a lesser extent. Nearly 20,000 sorties were flown between 1961 and 1971.

  21. what was their motto? • The "Ranch Handers" motto was "Only we can prevent forests" a take on the popular US Forestry poster of Smokey Bear.

  22. how many acres was destroyed? • During the ten years of spraying over 5 million acres (20,000 km2) of forest and 500,000 acres (2,000 km2) of crops were heavily damaged or destroyed.

  23. What percent was sprayed? • Around 20% of the forest of South Vietnam were sprayed at least once.

  24. what did they use to spray? • The herbicides were sprayed by the US Air Force flying C-123s using the call sign "Hades".

  25. What did the planes have on them? • The planes were fitted with specially developed spray tanks with a capacity of 1,000 US gallons (4 m3) of herbicides.

  26. How much did the plane spray? • A plane sprayed a swath of land that was 80 meters wide and 16 km (10 miles) long in about 4½ minutes at a rate of about 3 US gallons per acre.

  27. How many planes flew at at time? • Sorties usually consisted of 3 – 5 planes flying side by side.

  28. What percentage was used? • 95% of the herbicides and defoliants used in the war were sprayed by the US Air Force as part of Operation Ranch Hand.

  29. What did they do with the remaining chemicals? • The remaining 5% were sprayed by the US Chemical Corps and other military branches as well as the RVN by hand sprayers, spray trucks, helicopters and boats primarily around US military installations.

  30. What were effects of Operation Ranch Hand? • Birth defects. • cancer. • No homes. • Lack of food & vegetation.

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