Earth Boot Camp

1. Earth Boot Camp 4.7B: Observe and identify slow changes to Earth’s surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice.

2. Release ItemsTAKS Study Guide, #24 1. A student placed some clean rocks in a clear plastic jar. The jar was filled with clean water and covered with a lid. Then the student shook the jar for five minutes. The student noted that smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks and that there was a fine grit on the bottom of the jar. Which change of Earth’s surface was the student modeling?A Physical weatheringB Chemical weatheringC Erosion of sedimentsD Forming deltas

3. Release ItemsTAKS Study Guide, #24 1. A student placed some clean rocks in a clear plastic jar. The jar was filled with clean water and covered with a lid. Then the student shook the jar for five minutes. The student noted that smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks and that there was a fine grit on the bottom of the jar. Which change of Earth’s surface was the student modeling?A Physical weatheringB Chemical weatheringC Erosion of sedimentsD Forming deltas

4. 2003—#24 (55%) 2. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion?A C B D

5. 2003—#24 (55%) 2. Which experiment would best show how different methods of plowing fields on a hill affect erosion?A C B D

6. 3. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT —F decay of treesG weathering of rocksH erosion of hillsJ movement of oceans 2003—#12 (49%)

7. 3. The prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT —F decay of treesG weathering of rocksH erosion of hillsJ movement of oceans 2003—#12 (49%)

8. 4. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time?A Wind and rainB The sun’s raysC Light and darknessD Earth’s magnetic field 2006—#34 (85%)

9. 4. Which of these can cause sharp, rough mountains to become rounded and smooth over time?A Wind and rainB The sun’s raysC Light and darknessD Earth’s magnetic field 2006—#34 (85%)

10. 2009—#23 (77%) 5. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?A Heat and pressureB Soil depositionC Rain and windD River formation

11. 2009—#23 (77%) 5. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?A Heat and pressureB Soil depositionC Rain and windD River formation

12. 6. Which of the following is an example of erosion?AWind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rocksB Sediment falling to the bottom of a lake or oceanC The breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing waterD The formation of stalactites in underground caves

13. 6. Which of the following is an example of erosion?AWind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rocksB Sediment falling to the bottom of a lake or oceanC The breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing water(weathering)D The formation of stalactites in underground caves

14. 7. Which of the following is a constructive force that changes the surface of the Earth slowly over time?ADepositionB EarthquakesC Tidal wavesD Weathering

15. 7. Which of the following is a constructive force (build up)that changes the surface of the Earth slowly over time?ADepositionB EarthquakesC Tidal wavesD Weathering

16. 8. What two forces are the main agents of erosion?A Deposition and weatheringB Gravity and evaporationC Precipitation and gravityD Moving wind and moving water

17. 8. What two forces are the main agents of erosion?A Deposition and weatheringB Gravity and evaporationC Precipitation and gravityD Moving wind and moving water

18. 9. Which of the following would be an environmentally correct way to prevent soil erosion?A Cut down a large number of treesB Plow bare ground into straight rowsC Plant grass on bare groundD Replace flower beds with a concrete sidewalk

19. 9. Which of the following would be an environmentally correct way to prevent soil erosion?A Cut down a large number of treesB Plow bare ground into straight rowsC Plant grass on bare groundD Replace flower beds with a concrete sidewalk

20. 11. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram?APlants help prevent erosion.B Rain is the most common cause of weathering.C Hillsides support the most plant growth.D Bare soil slows flowing water.

21. 11. Which conclusion is best supported by the diagram?APlants help prevent erosion.B Rain is the most common cause of weathering.C Hillsides support the most plant growth.D Bare soil slows flowing water.

22. 12. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below?AA glacier creating a valleyB Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountainsD Wind carving formations in rock

23. 12. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which form of weathering listed below?AA glacier creating a valleyB Rivers depositing sediments C Earthquakes creating mountainsD Wind carving formations in rock

24. 13. Sam poured water on a pile of dirt and observed that some dirt eroded from the pile. Which question could he test to learn more about erosion? A How long will the dirt stay wet? B What types of animals live in the dirt? C Will adding more water change the type of dirt? D Do different types of dirt wash away at different rates?

25. 13. Sam poured water on a pile of dirt and observed that some dirt eroded from the pile. Which question could he test to learn more about erosion? A How long will the dirt stay wet? B What types of animals live in the dirt? C Will adding more water change the type of dirt? D Do different types of dirt wash away at different rates?

26. 14. Tyrone put two stones in a plastic bottle of water and shook it. After he stopped shaking the bottle, he observed that small pieces of the stones were floating in the water. What is the best prediction he can make based on this observation? If shaking the bottle causes pieces of stones to break off—A then using cold water will break off more pieces. B then using hot water will make the stones change colors. C then shaking for a longer amount of time will break off more pieces.D then shaking for a shorter amount of time will make the rocks change colors.

27. 14. Tyrone put two stones in a plastic bottle of water and shook it. After he stopped shaking the bottle, he observed that small pieces of the stones were floating in the water. What is the best prediction he can make based on this observation? If shaking the bottle causes pieces of stones to break off—A then using cold water will break off more pieces. B then using hot water will make the stones change colors. C then shaking for a longer amount of time will break off more pieces.D then shaking for a shorter amount of time will make the rocks change colors.

28. 15. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed? A anemometer B barometer C rain gauge D thermometer

29. 15. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed? A anemometer B barometer C rain gauge D thermometer

30. 16. How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water—Akeeps the rocks in place.B makes the rocks last longerC expands cracks and breaks rocksD causes rocks to fall in landslides

31. 16. How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water—Akeeps the rocks in place.B makes the rocks last longerC expands cracks and breaks rocksD causes rocks to fall in landslides

32. 17. Which thing near this house will erode (wash away) the MOST during a heavy rain?A The soil under the grass B The gravel in the drivewayC The pile of dirt on the hillsideD The stepping stones around the flower bed

33. 17. Which thing near this house will erode (wash away) the MOST during a heavy rain?A The soil under the grass B The gravel in the drivewayC The pile of dirt on the hillsideD The stepping stones around the flower bed

34. 18. The change in the sea cliff pictured below was most likely caused by – 1900 2004A deposition and erosionB precipitation and glaciers C weathering and erosionD evaporation and precipitation

35. 18. The change in the sea cliff pictured below was most likely caused by – 1900 2004A deposition and erosionB precipitation and glaciers C weathering and erosionD evaporation and precipitation

36. 19. Study the diagram above showing an island before and after a hurricane. What most likely caused the changes to the island seen in the diagram?A The rainwater from the hurricane raised the level of the ocean.B The island sank deeper into the ocean during the hurricane.C Ocean waves caused by the hurricane eroded sand from the beaches.D Rivers on the island deposited new sand on the beach.

37. 19. Study the diagram above showing an island before and after a hurricane. What most likely caused the changes to the island seen in the diagram?A The rainwater from the hurricane raised the level of the ocean.B The island sank deeper into the ocean during the hurricane.C Ocean waves caused by the hurricane eroded sand from the beaches.D Rivers on the island deposited new sand on the beach.