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THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION or COUNTER-REFORMATION Catholic response(s) to the Protestant movements

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION or COUNTER-REFORMATION Catholic response(s) to the Protestant movements New religious orders Ignatius of Loyola – founded Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Devoted to spreading Catholicism by 1 . Missionary work in foreign lands 2 . Establishing schools and universities.

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THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION or COUNTER-REFORMATION Catholic response(s) to the Protestant movements

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  1. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION or COUNTER-REFORMATION • Catholic response(s) to the Protestant movements • New religious orders • Ignatius of Loyola – founded Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Devoted to spreading Catholicism by • 1. Missionary work in foreign lands • 2. Establishing schools and universities

  2. Teresa of Avila – reformed Carmelite order of nuns • Called for stricter following of original Catholic teaching • 1. focus on prayer and meditation • 2. vows of poverty and seclusion

  3. Index LibrorumProhibitorum(List of Prohibited Books) Created in 1559 , lasted until 1966 Eventually included 4000titles Some works/authors were banned for religious differences… Martin Luther John Calvin …but scientists and philosophers were also on the list Machiavelli Locke Bacon Voltaire Thomas Hobbes – Eng. author; all of his works were banned

  4. Revival of the Inquisition • Special Church courts set up to • punish heretics, enforce Church teachings • Most famous Inquisition was in Spain, 1478-1834 • 1550-1700 3000-5000put to death • Inquisition collected property worth 700,000 ducats (1 ducat=$44)

  5. Council of Trent (1545-1563) Series of meetings of various Catholic leaders Originally called to discuss issues with Protestants, ended up mostly reinforcing traditional Catholic ideas: ~ salvation = faith + works (not “faith alone”) ~ Church as the ultimate interpreter of Scripture ~ Sacraments and most traditional practices were reaffirmed Some changes were made by the Council: ~ Sale of indulgences was banned ~ Bishops must live in their dioceses (did away with pluralism) ~ Condemned practice of clergy having mistresses ~ created the Index of forbidden books

  6. REFORMATION MAP Using colored pencils, show where each of the listed religions had influence in Europe and North Africa. Make a key! Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Lutheran Islam Calvinist Anglican

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